Epstein L H
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15213.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1992 Aug;60(4):493-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.60.4.493.
Behavioral medicine is a multidisciplinary field that combines research methods and findings from behavioral and biomedical sciences. Many investigators in the field have tended to emphasize the contribution of the biomedical more than the behavioral sciences. This is evident in the emphasis on biological rather than behavioral outcomes and on the reductionist approach within the field to reduce mechanisms responsible for behavioral effects and disease to biological influences. There has been a similar shift in psychology toward mechanistic, bottom-up approaches to understanding mechanisms responsible for integrated and dynamic behavior. These shifts in emphasis have stimulated investigators to examine the use of biomedical methods and findings as causes and explanations for behavior, rather than to utilize newer findings in behavioral sciences. New advances in basic research on learning are used to illustrate that findings from behavioral science have implications for the field of contemporary behavioral medicine. Finally, the importance of developing new technologies for measuring behavior is presented.
行为医学是一个多学科领域，它结合了行为科学和生物医学科学的研究方法与成果。该领域的许多研究者往往更强调生物医学而非行为科学的贡献。这在对生物学结果而非行为结果的强调中很明显，并且在该领域内采用还原论方法，即将导致行为效应和疾病的机制简化为生物学影响。心理学也出现了类似的转变，转向以机械论、自下而上的方法来理解负责整合和动态行为的机制。这些重点的转变促使研究者将生物医学方法和成果用作行为的原因及解释，而不是利用行为科学中的新发现。关于学习的基础研究的新进展被用来说明行为科学的发现对当代行为医学领域具有启示意义。最后，阐述了开发测量行为的新技术的重要性。
