Cox Ruby H, Carpenter John Paul, Bruce Franklin A, Poole Kathleen P, Gaylord Clark K
Department of Human Nutritionl, F'oods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
J Community Health. 2004 Apr;29(2):155-70. doi: 10.1023/b:johe.0000016719.89848.b1.
Incidence of type 2 diabetes has greatly increased in the US, with over 90 percent having type 2. A cross-sectional, self-report survey was conducted for the purpose of assessing characteristics associated with self-management of type 2 diabetes (attitudes, certain behaviors, and perceived knowledge) among low-income Caucasian and African-American adults enrolled in the Food Stamp Nutrition Education Program (FSNEP). At the time of the study, almost 11 percent of FSNEP adult participants (457 individuals) throughout the state had type 2 diabetes. Among 196 subjects interviewed for the study, 86 were Caucasian (44%) and 100 (51%) were African-American. Results indicated that over three-fourths of subjects had been counseled on diet and exercise, but less that half were following dietary recommendations and only one-fourth were getting adequate exercise. No significant differences were found between the two race groups on assessed characteristics or among subjects grouped by place of residence (p < or = 0.01). Significant correlations were found among subjects' characteristics, including perceived health status, perceived knowledge of diabetes, attitudes towards diabetes, meal-plan adherence, perceived barriers to physical activity, and reported diabetes control (p < or = 0.0001). Findings imply that (a) self-management education for type 2 diabetes does not need to be different for African-Americans vs. Caucasians in southern states and (b) best disease control is achieved when those with type 2 diabetes have a high degree of knowledge of diabetes, positive attitudes, good meal plan adherence, and few perceived barriers to physical activity.
美国2型糖尿病的发病率大幅上升，其中90%以上为2型糖尿病患者。为了评估参加食品券营养教育计划（FSNEP）的低收入白人和非裔美国成年人中与2型糖尿病自我管理相关的特征（态度、特定行为和感知知识），开展了一项横断面自我报告调查。在研究期间，该州FSNEP成年参与者中近11%（457人）患有2型糖尿病。在接受研究访谈的196名受试者中，86名是白人（44%），100名（51%）是非裔美国人。结果表明，超过四分之三的受试者接受过饮食和运动方面的咨询，但只有不到一半的人遵循饮食建议，只有四分之一的人进行了足够的运动。在评估的特征方面，两个种族群体之间或按居住地点分组的受试者之间未发现显著差异（p≤0.01）。在受试者的特征之间发现了显著的相关性，包括感知健康状况、糖尿病感知知识、对糖尿病的态度、饮食计划依从性、体育活动的感知障碍以及报告的糖尿病控制情况（p≤0.0001）。研究结果表明：（a）在南部各州，针对非裔美国人和白人的2型糖尿病自我管理教育无需有所不同；（b）当2型糖尿病患者对糖尿病有高度的了解、积极的态度、良好的饮食计划依从性且体育活动的感知障碍较少时，疾病控制效果最佳。
