Lindsay Joan, Sykes Elizabeth, McDowell Ian, Verreault René, Laurin Danielle
Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Can J Psychiatry. 2004 Feb;49(2):83-91. doi: 10.1177/070674370404900202.
To highlight contributions to knowledge made by the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA).
The CSHA began in 1991, with follow-ups in 1996 and 2001. It was national in scope, with 18 study centres and a coordinating centre. It included 10 263 participants; of these, 9008 were in the community, and 1255 were in institutions. In each phase, community participants were screened for cognitive impairment, and where appropriate, cognitive status was determined by a detailed clinical examination. Data on possible risk factors for dementia were collected at baseline. Data on caring for people with dementia were collected in each phase.
The prevalence of dementia was established at 8% of those aged 65 years and over; incidence (new cases each year) was about 2%. Cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND) was more than twice as common as dementia. Factors affecting the risk of institutionalization, mortality, and the health of caregivers were examined. The costs of dementia were conservatively estimated at dollar 3.9 billion in 1991. Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia are presented; it is noteworthy that physical activity appeared to protect against all forms of cognitive decline, particularly for women. Clinical contributions include the development of norms for several neuropsychological tests. Other topics include the health of those with CIND, predicting dementia, medication use, frailty and healthy aging, and urinary incontinence.
The CSHA has contributed substantially to knowledge of the epidemiology of dementia, including AD, and to many other topics relevant to seniors' health.
强调加拿大健康与老龄化研究（CSHA）对知识的贡献。
CSHA始于1991年，在1996年和2001年进行了随访。该研究范围覆盖全国，有18个研究中心和一个协调中心。它包括10263名参与者；其中，9008名在社区，1255名在机构中。在每个阶段，对社区参与者进行认知障碍筛查，并在适当情况下通过详细的临床检查确定认知状态。在基线时收集痴呆症可能的危险因素数据。在每个阶段收集有关照顾痴呆症患者的数据。
确定65岁及以上人群中痴呆症的患病率为8%；发病率（每年的新病例）约为2%。非痴呆性认知障碍（CIND）的发生率是痴呆症的两倍多。研究了影响机构化风险、死亡率和护理人员健康的因素。1991年痴呆症的成本保守估计为39亿加元。列出了阿尔茨海默病（AD）和血管性痴呆的危险因素；值得注意的是，体育活动似乎可以预防所有形式的认知衰退，尤其是对女性。临床贡献包括制定了几种神经心理学测试的规范。其他主题包括CIND患者的健康、痴呆症预测、药物使用、虚弱与健康老龄化以及尿失禁。
CSHA对痴呆症流行病学知识，包括AD的知识，以及许多与老年人健康相关的其他主题做出了重大贡献。
