Chiang H, Slobounov S M, Ray W
Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 19 Recreation Building, University Park, PA 16802-5702, USA.
Clin Neurophysiol. 2004 May;115(5):1033-43. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2003.12.019.
To examine the role of practice in the modification of force enslaving and motor-related cortical potentials using finger force production tasks. This study follows-up previous studies in our laboratory using experienced piano players.
Two experiments were performed. In Expt. 1, 6 subjects participated in a pre and post EEG session separated by 12 practice sessions which were conducted 3 days a week for 4 weeks. With visual feedback regarding the accuracy of force output, subjects produced one of two force levels with either their ring or index finger. Experiment 2 followed a similar procedure to that of Expt. 1 with additional visual feedback to the degree of finger independency. Both behavioral (isometric force output) and EEG data preceding and accompanying force responses were measured.
In Expt. 1 we found that forced enslaving increased along with improved accuracy following 4 weeks of practice. We found a reduction of motor potential (MP) amplitude for the index but not the ring finger following practice. Experiment 2 showed an increase in accuracy and reduction in force enslaving after practice with adequate feedback. The amplitude of MP for the index finger also decreased after practice as in Expt. 1. In contrast, the amplitude of MP for the ring finger increased after practice.
The present study extends our earlier work with piano players and shows the role of practice in modifying behavioral and cortical measures. The concluding theme emergent from our studies is that individuated finger control is not hard-wired, but rather plastic and greatly influenced by deliberate practice.
This research supports the idea that experience and practice are associated with changes in behavioral and EEG correlates of task performance and have clinical implications in disorders such as stroke or dystonia. Practice-related procedures offer useful approaches to rehabilitation strategies.
通过手指力量产生任务，研究练习在改变力量束缚和与运动相关的皮层电位方面的作用。本研究是我们实验室之前对有经验的钢琴演奏者进行研究的后续。
进行了两项实验。在实验1中，6名受试者参加了脑电图（EEG）前后测试，中间间隔12次练习，每周进行3天，共持续4周。在有关于力量输出准确性的视觉反馈的情况下，受试者用无名指或食指产生两种力量水平之一。实验2遵循与实验1类似的程序，并增加了关于手指独立性程度的视觉反馈。测量了力量反应之前和伴随力量反应的行为（等长力量输出）和脑电图数据。
在实验1中，我们发现经过4周的练习，随着准确性的提高，力量束缚增加。我们发现练习后食指的运动电位（MP）幅度降低，但无名指没有。实验2表明，在有充分反馈的练习后，准确性提高，力量束缚减少。与实验1一样，练习后食指的MP幅度也降低了。相比之下，练习后无名指的MP幅度增加了。
本研究扩展了我们早期对钢琴演奏者的研究工作，显示了练习在改变行为和皮层测量方面的作用。我们研究中出现的一个共同主题是，个体化的手指控制并非固定不变，而是具有可塑性，并受到刻意练习的极大影响。
这项研究支持了这样一种观点，即经验和练习与任务表现的行为和脑电图相关性变化有关，并且对中风或肌张力障碍等疾病具有临床意义。与练习相关的程序为康复策略提供了有用的方法。
