Kirkpatrick Mark, Hall David W
Section of Integrative Biology, University Station C-0930, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
Evolution. 2004 Feb;58(2):437-40.
An interaction between sex-linked inheritance and sex-biased mutation rates may affect the rate of adaptive evolution. Males have much higher mutation rates than females in several vertebrate and plant taxa. When evolutionary rates are limited by the supply of favorable new mutations, then genes will evolve faster when located on sex chromosomes that spend more time in males. For mutations with additive effects, Y-linked genes evolve fastest, followed by Z-linked genes, autosomal genes, X-linked genes, and finally W-linked and cytoplasmic genes. This ordering can change when mutations show dominance. The predicted differences in substitution rates may be detectable at the molecular level. Male-biased mutation could cause adaptive changes to accumulate more readily on certain kinds of chromosomes and favor animals with Z-W sex determination to have rapidly evolving male sexual displays.
性连锁遗传与性别偏向的突变率之间的相互作用可能会影响适应性进化的速率。在几个脊椎动物和植物类群中，雄性的突变率比雌性高得多。当进化速率受到有利新突变供应的限制时，那么位于在雄性中存在时间更长的性染色体上的基因将进化得更快。对于具有加性效应的突变，Y连锁基因进化最快，其次是Z连锁基因、常染色体基因、X连锁基因，最后是W连锁基因和细胞质基因。当突变表现出显性时，这种排序可能会改变。预测的替代率差异在分子水平上可能是可检测的。雄性偏向的突变可能会导致适应性变化更容易在某些类型的染色体上积累，并有利于具有Z-W性别决定的动物拥有快速进化的雄性性展示。
