Medina-Navarro R, Duran-Reyes G, Diaz-Flores M, Hicks J J, Kumate J
Specialties Hospital, Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico.
Hum Exp Toxicol. 2004 Feb;23(2):101-5. doi: 10.1191/0960327104ht416oa.
Glucose auto-oxidation may be a significant source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and also be important in the lipid peroxidation process, accompanied by the release of toxic reactive products. We wanted to demonstrate that acrolein can be formed directly and actively from free fatty acids in a hyperglycemic environment. A suspension of linoleic and arachidonic acids (2.5 mM) was exposed to different glucose concentrations (5, 10 and 15 mmol/L) in vitro. The samples were extracted with organic solvents, partitioned, followed at 255-267 nm, and analysed using capillary electrophoresis and mass spectroscopy. The total release of aldehydes significantly (P < 0.01) increased from 1.0 to 5.1, 8.3 and 13.1 micromol/L after 6 hours of incubation, proportional to glucose concentrations. It was possible to verify a correlate hydroperoxide formation as well. Among the lipid peroxidation products, acrolein (5% of total) and its condensing product, 4-hydroxy-hexenal, were identified. From the results presented here, it was possible to demonstrate the production of acrolein, probably as a fatty acid product, due to free radicals generated from the glucose auto-oxidation process. The results led us to propose that acrolein, which is one of the most toxic aldehydes, is produced during hyperglycemic states, and may lead to tissue injury, as one of the initial problems to be linked to high levels of glucose in vivo.
葡萄糖自氧化可能是活性氧（ROS）的重要来源，在脂质过氧化过程中也很重要，同时伴有有毒反应产物的释放。我们想证明在高血糖环境中，丙烯醛可直接由游离脂肪酸产生并具有活性。将亚油酸和花生四烯酸（2.5 mM）的悬浮液在体外暴露于不同浓度的葡萄糖（5、10和15 mmol/L）中。样品用有机溶剂萃取、分离，在255 - 267 nm波长下进行跟踪，并使用毛细管电泳和质谱分析。孵育6小时后，醛类的总释放量从1.0显著增加到5.1、8.3和13.1 μmol/L（P < 0.01），与葡萄糖浓度成正比。同时也证实了相关的氢过氧化物的形成。在脂质过氧化产物中，鉴定出了丙烯醛（占总量的5%）及其缩合产物4 - 羟基己烯醛。从这里呈现的结果可以证明，丙烯醛可能作为脂肪酸产物，由葡萄糖自氧化过程产生的自由基生成。这些结果使我们提出，作为毒性最强的醛类之一，丙烯醛在高血糖状态下产生，可能导致组织损伤，这是体内高血糖水平相关的初始问题之一。
