Proudfoot Alex T
National Poisons Information Service (Birmingham Centre), City Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
Toxicol Rev. 2003;22(2):71-4. doi: 10.2165/00139709-200322020-00001.
Amitraz, an insecticide and veterinary medicine, has been available in many countries since 1974 but reports of poisoning with it have only become prominent in the last 7 years. The vast majority of cases have occurred in Turkey and have involved children. The data available, both human and animal, do not allow clear separation of the features of toxicity of amitraz from those of the hydrocarbon solvents in which it is commonly dissolved. Amitraz stimulates alpha 2-adrenoceptors resulting in impairment of consciousness, respiratory depression, convulsions, bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia and hypoglycaemia. Even the most severely poisoned patients recover with nothing more than intensive care; only one possible death has been documented. Animal studies indicate that the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists, yohimbine and atipamezole, can reverse amitraz-induced toxicity but they have not been assessed in poisoned humans.
双甲脒是一种杀虫剂和兽药，自1974年以来已在许多国家上市，但关于它中毒的报告仅在过去7年才变得突出。绝大多数病例发生在土耳其，且涉及儿童。现有的人类和动物数据无法明确区分双甲脒的毒性特征与它通常所溶解的烃类溶剂的毒性特征。双甲脒刺激α2肾上腺素能受体，导致意识障碍、呼吸抑制、惊厥、心动过缓、低血压、体温过低和低血糖。即使是中毒最严重的患者，经过重症监护也能康复；仅记录到一例可能的死亡病例。动物研究表明，α2肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂育亨宾和阿替美唑可以逆转双甲脒引起的毒性，但尚未在中毒人类身上进行评估。
