Pampiglione S, Trentini M, Fioravanti M L, Gustinelli A
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology, University of Bologna, Italy.
Parasite. 2004 Mar;11(1):51-7. doi: 10.1051/parasite/200411151.
Of the ten currently known species of sand fleas, only two, Tunga penetrans and Tunga trimamillata, are known to be parasites of man, besides other warm blooded animals, most of which are peridomestic. The hosts of the other eight are limited to a few genera of wild mammals. T. trimamillata was only recently identified and differentiated from T. penetrans by features of the gravid female phase. In the present paper the different morphological characters of both for non-gravid females and males of the two species are described. In the non-gravid-females the distinguishing characters are: a) differences in the length of the first two segments of the maxillary palps (the first is the longest in T. trimamillata, whereas the second is the longest in T. penetrans), this feature is associated with another character i.e. the presence of short, thick spines in addition to the bristles on the surface of the segments only in T. trimamillata; b) the presence, only in T. trimamillata, of a row of spines on the antero-medial surface of the libia of the 3rd pair of legs; c) the last abdominal spiracle protrudes in T. trimamillata but not in T. penetrans; d) the hood of the hilla in spermatheca is surrounded by a papilla only in T. penetrans. The following morphological characters differentiate males of T. trimamillata and T. penetrans: a) T. trimamillata has a row of spines on the antero-medial surface of the tibia of the 3rd pair of legs; b) the diameter of the abdominal spiracles of T. trimamillata is smaller than that of T. penetrans and the edges of the spiracles are more regular; c) the claspers and aedeagus of T. trimamillata are shorter than those of T. penetrans; d) the profile of the oedeagal apodeme differs between the two species.
在目前已知的十种沙蚤中，除了其他温血动物（其中大多数是家畜周围的动物）外，只有穿皮潜蚤（Tunga penetrans）和三毛潜蚤（Tunga trimamillata）这两种已知是人类的寄生虫。其他八种的宿主仅限于少数几种野生哺乳动物。三毛潜蚤是最近才通过孕雌阶段的特征与穿皮潜蚤区分开来的。在本文中，描述了这两个物种非孕雌蚤和雄蚤的不同形态特征。在非孕雌蚤中，区别特征如下：a）下颚须前两节的长度不同（在三毛潜蚤中第一节最长，而在穿皮潜蚤中第二节最长），这一特征与另一个特征相关，即只有三毛潜蚤在节表面的刚毛之外还有短而粗的刺；b）只有三毛潜蚤在第三对腿的胫节内侧前表面有一排刺；c）三毛潜蚤的最后一个腹气门突出，而穿皮潜蚤则不突出；d）受精囊的hilla罩仅在穿皮潜蚤中被乳头包围。以下形态特征区分了三毛潜蚤和穿皮潜蚤的雄蚤：a）三毛潜蚤在第三对腿的胫节内侧前表面有一排刺；b）三毛潜蚤的腹气门直径小于穿皮潜蚤，且气门边缘更规则；c）三毛潜蚤的抱器和阳茎比穿皮潜蚤的短；d）两个物种的阳茎骨片轮廓不同。
