Holzgreve W, Garritsen H S, Ganshirt-Ahlert D
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Munster, Germany.
J Reprod Med. 1992 May;37(5):410-8.
The analysis of fetal cells from the maternal circulation would be the least invasive method of prenatal diagnosis. Potential fetal cell types to enter the maternal circulation are lymphocytes, trophoblast cells and nucleated erythrocytes. With conventional methods, such as cytology and interphase or metaphase cytogenetics, the ratio of fetal to maternal cells was overestimated in the past. Currently most groups use polymerase chain reaction-based Y-sequence analysis for the detection of fetal cells in pregnancies with male fetuses, either with or without prior enrichment of fetal cells. For fetal cell separation, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and immunomagnetic beads have been applied, and recently our group has used discontinuous density gradient centrifugation for this purpose. We have shown that the transferrin receptor antigen alone is not sufficient for enrichment of fetal nucleated erythrocytes. Despite some initial promising results with fluorescence in situ hybridization, the reproducibility and reliability of the techniques are still limited, mainly due to the lack of very specific cell markers and the very low and variable concentrations of fetal cells among numerous maternal cells.
分析母血循环中的胎儿细胞将是侵入性最小的产前诊断方法。可能进入母血循环的胎儿细胞类型有淋巴细胞、滋养层细胞和有核红细胞。过去，采用细胞学、间期或中期细胞遗传学等传统方法时，胎儿细胞与母体细胞的比例被高估。目前，大多数研究小组使用基于聚合酶链反应的Y序列分析来检测男性胎儿妊娠中的胎儿细胞，无论是否事先富集胎儿细胞。对于胎儿细胞分离，已应用荧光激活细胞分选和免疫磁珠，最近我们小组为此使用了不连续密度梯度离心法。我们已经表明，仅转铁蛋白受体抗原不足以富集胎儿有核红细胞。尽管荧光原位杂交最初取得了一些令人鼓舞的结果，但这些技术的可重复性和可靠性仍然有限，主要原因是缺乏非常特异性的细胞标记物，以及在众多母体细胞中胎儿细胞浓度非常低且变化不定。
