Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2004 Mar;84(3):300-7. doi: 10.1016/s0020-7292(04)00014-1.
The use of antibiotics to prevent infections during pregnancy and the puerperium is clearly different from the use of antibiotics to treat established infections. Prophylactic antibiotics are frequently prescribed on an "empiric" basis, which for many years was thought to have few adverse consequences. Concerns about the emergence of resistant strains of common bacteria, in addition to the emergence of strains with increased virulence, have resulted in increased scrutiny of the use of antibiotics, particularly in the hospital setting. Cost considerations also affect the use and choice of prophylactic agents. The purpose of this Practice Bulletin is to present a review of clinical situations in which prophylactic antibiotics are frequently prescribed and to weigh the evidence supporting the use of antibiotics in these scenarios.
孕期及产褥期使用抗生素预防感染与使用抗生素治疗已确诊感染明显不同。预防性抗生素常常是在“经验性”基础上开具的，多年来人们认为这样做几乎没有不良后果。除了出现毒力增强的菌株外，对常见细菌耐药菌株出现的担忧导致对抗生素使用的审查增加，尤其是在医院环境中。成本因素也会影响预防性药物的使用和选择。本实践公告的目的是对经常开具预防性抗生素的临床情况进行综述，并权衡支持在这些情况下使用抗生素的证据。
