García-Castrillo Riesgo Luis, García Merino Antonio
Emergency Department, "Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla", Santander, Spain.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2003 Apr-Jun;18(2):148-51. doi: 10.1017/s1049023x00000911.
A terrorism movement has been active in Spain during the last 20 years, with a painful number of victims. Civil Defense is in charge of the coordination of all the structures that are implicated in a terrorist incident. There are three typical patterns of attacks: (1) individual attacks; (2) group attacks; and (3) mass attacks. The individual attacks are done with guns, usually 9 mm, fired from a short distance; victims die from serious intracranial damage. Collective attacks are done using explosives under vehicles, tramp bombs, or "bomb vehicles;" victims are of different severity with wounds, burns, and blast injuries. With mass attacks with "bomb vehicles" in buildings or crowded public places, the numbers of victims are elevated and produce brutal social consequences. Emergency Medical Services integrated in to "Civil Defense" try to minimize the damage by initializing treatment on-scene and with the rapid provision of definitive care. During the last year, post-traumatic stress disorder treatment groups have been providing care to the victims and personnel. Chemical or biological weapons have not been used, although this is a great concern to the authorities.
在过去20年里，西班牙一直活跃着一个恐怖主义组织，造成了令人痛心的伤亡人数。民防负责协调所有参与恐怖事件的机构。有三种典型的袭击模式：（1）个人袭击；（2）团体袭击；（3）大规模袭击。个人袭击通常使用9毫米口径枪支，近距离射击；受害者死于严重的颅内损伤。集体袭击通过在车辆下放置炸药、定时炸弹或“炸弹车”进行；受害者伤势轻重不一，有伤口、烧伤和爆炸伤。在建筑物或拥挤的公共场所使用“炸弹车”进行大规模袭击时，受害者人数会增加，并产生严重的社会后果。纳入“民防”的紧急医疗服务试图通过在现场开展治疗并迅速提供确定性护理来尽量减少损害。在过去一年里，创伤后应激障碍治疗小组一直在为受害者和相关人员提供护理。尽管当局对此极为关注，但尚未使用化学或生物武器。
