[Surgical treatment of tracheobronchial lesions in children].

A total of 16 cases of tracheal and bronchial lesions such as bronchial tumor (4 cases), aspirated foreign body (5 cases), and tracheo-bronchial stenosis (7 cases) were surgically treated at the National Children's Hospital from 1965 to 1990. A mucoepidermoid tumor was excised via bronchotomy. Pulmonary lobectomy was indicated for another 2 mucoepidermoid tumors which arose from the middle and lower lobe bronchus. Pneumonectomy was indicated for a leiomyoma located at the stem of the left bronchus and showed extensive invasion into the bronchial wall. It is important to accurately diagnose the location and extent of the tumor by performing intraoperative bronchoscopy, bronchotomy, frozen section examination in order to avoid unnecessary pulmonary resection. Three aspirated foreign bodies (2 marking needles and a peanut) were removed via bronchotomy. Right lower lobectomy was performed in a patient who received an accidental injection of barium sulfate into the right lower bronchus. The barium remained for more than one year and caused recurrent pneumonia. A radiolucent toy plate aspirated into the left main bronchus of a 3-year-old girl was overlooked for more than 3 years. Suppurative changes of the left lung necessitated pneumonectomy. Tracheal resection with end-to-end anastomosis was carried out successfully in a 5-year-old patient suffering from segmental fibrogranulous stenosis of the mid-trachea. Extensive congenital stenosis in 6 patients was repaired by costal cartilage autograft, with a 67% mortality rate. Treatment of the associated cardiac anomalies and the possible postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage, restenosis, exuberant granulation, and tracheomalacia are the major problems associated with this type of tracheoplasty.