Rinnab L, Hautmann R E, Straub M
Abteilung Urologie und Kinderurologie, Arbeitsgruppe Harnsteine, Universitätsklinikum Ulm.
Urologe A. 2004 Apr;43(4):429-39. doi: 10.1007/s00120-003-0515-0.
Alkaline citrates have been used as an efficient therapy in hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis, uric acid lithiasis, cystinuria, and renal tubular acidosis. Furthermore, alkaline citrates are very effective in treating and preventing hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in patients with urinary diversion. The main physiological effects during urolithiasis therapy have been significant increases in urinary pH, in citrate and potassium, and a decrease in calcium excretion. This paper reviews current indications, therapy modalities, and metaphylactic use reported in the literature and/or recommended by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Urologie (DGU) and the European Association of Urology (EAU). It is intended to give useful advice for the urologist's daily practice.
碱性柠檬酸盐已被用作治疗低枸橼酸尿性钙肾结石、尿酸结石、胱氨酸尿症和肾小管酸中毒的有效疗法。此外，碱性柠檬酸盐在治疗和预防尿路改道患者的高氯性代谢性酸中毒方面非常有效。在尿路结石治疗期间的主要生理作用是尿pH值、枸橼酸盐和钾显著增加，钙排泄减少。本文综述了文献报道的和/或德国泌尿外科学会（DGU）及欧洲泌尿外科学会（EAU）推荐的当前适应症、治疗方式和预防性应用。旨在为泌尿外科医生的日常实践提供有用的建议。
