He Qing, Horlick Mary, Thornton John, Wang Jack, Pierson Richard N, Heshka Stanley, Gallagher Dympna
Body Composition Unit-Obesity Research Center, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, Plant Basement New York, New York 10025, USA.
Obes Res. 2004 Apr;12(4):725-33. doi: 10.1038/oby.2004.85.
To investigate sexual dimorphism and race differences in fat distribution (android/gynoid) before and during puberty.
Fat distribution was measured by skinfold thickness and DXA in healthy African-American, Asian, and white subjects (n = 920), divided into pre-, early, and late pubertal groups.
Gynoid fat masses adjusted for covariates were lower in late pubertal compared with prepubertal boys, but were not consistently greater in late pubertal compared with prepubertal girls. Progression of sex-specific fat distribution with increasing maturation was present in Asians only. Among African-American and white subjects, early pubertal boys had greater gynoid fat mass compared with the prepubertal group, whereas early pubertal girls had less gynoid fat mass compared with the prepubertal group. Sexual dimorphism in fat distribution was present in all pubertal groups, except among whites at early puberty. Among girls, Asians had lower gynoid fat than whites and African Americans in all pubertal groups. Among boys, Asians had less gynoid fat by DXA in early puberty and late puberty.
Comparison among races demonstrated differences in sexual dimorphism and sex-specific fat distribution with progression in pubertal group. However, in all race groups, the fat distribution of late pubertal boys was more "male" or "android" than prepubertal boys, but late pubertal girls did not differ consistently from prepubertal girls. These findings suggested that the greater sexual dimorphism of fat distribution in late puberty compared with prepuberty may be attributable to larger changes in boys with smaller changes in girls.
研究青春期前及青春期期间脂肪分布（上身/下身）的性别差异和种族差异。
通过皮褶厚度测量法和双能X线吸收法（DXA）对920名健康的非裔美国人、亚洲人和白人受试者进行脂肪分布测量，这些受试者被分为青春期前、青春期早期和青春期晚期组。
经协变量调整后的下身脂肪量，青春期晚期男孩低于青春期前男孩，但青春期晚期女孩与青春期前女孩相比并不始终更高。仅在亚洲人中观察到随着成熟度增加，特定性别的脂肪分布有所进展。在非裔美国人和白人受试者中，青春期早期男孩的下身脂肪量高于青春期前组，而青春期早期女孩的下身脂肪量低于青春期前组。除青春期早期的白人外，所有青春期组均存在脂肪分布的性别差异。在女孩中，所有青春期组的亚洲人下身脂肪均低于白人和非裔美国人。在男孩中，青春期早期和晚期通过DXA测量的亚洲人下身脂肪较少。
种族间比较显示，随着青春期进展，性别差异和特定性别的脂肪分布存在差异。然而，在所有种族组中，青春期晚期男孩的脂肪分布比青春期前男孩更具“男性化”或“上身型”，但青春期晚期女孩与青春期前女孩并无一致差异。这些发现表明，与青春期前相比青春期晚期脂肪分布的更大性别差异可能归因于男孩变化较大而女孩变化较小。
