Fowler D, Cape J N, Leith I D, Paterson I S, Kinnaird J W, Nicholson I A
Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK.
Environ Pollut. 1988;53(1-4):135-49. doi: 10.1016/0269-7491(88)90030-9.
Two cultivars of Igri and Gerbel winter barley Horteum vulgare L. were grown in open-top chambers in filtered and unfiltered air at a site with approximately 10 nl litre(-1) SO2 and 12 nl litre(-1) NO2 (seasonal mean). The experiment ran for three consecutive seasons 1982-1983, 1983-1984, 1984-1985, and significant effects of filtration were observed for each crop. In years 1982-1983 and 1984-1985, the crops in unfiltered air yielded larger grain dry matter, 9% in 1982-1983, and 8% in 1984-1985. For both crops, the differences were statistically significant at the 5% level. Differences were also observed for the remaining above-ground dry matter, and these were consistent in direction in each year but statistically significant only in 1984-1985. In both growing seasons (1982-1983 and 1984-1985), there were no major pest infestations and no long-term water stress or photochemical ozone episodes. In the remaining experiment (1983-1984) similar air concentrations of SO2 and NO2 produced effects of the opposite sign to those observed in 1982-1983 and 1984-1985. Significant reductions in grain yield (13%) were obtained in unfiltered air. The only major environmental difference for the 1983-1984 crop was a notable dry period in May and June 1984 with marked water stress in the crop, requiring irrigation. These results suggest that the relationship between yield and pollutant concentration may be confounded by additional stresses, many of which are a common component of the growing season for major crops.
在一个二氧化硫浓度约为10纳升/升、二氧化氮浓度约为12纳升/升（季节性平均值）的地点，将两个品种的伊格里（Igri）和格贝尔（Gerbel）冬大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）种植在开放式气室中，气室中的空气分为过滤空气和未过滤空气。该实验连续进行了三个季节，即1982 - 1983年、1983 - 1984年、1984 - 1985年，并且观察到过滤对每种作物都有显著影响。在1982 - 1983年和1984 - 1985年，未过滤空气中的作物收获的谷物干物质更多，1982 - 1983年多9%，1984 - 1985年多8%。对于这两种作物，差异在5%水平上具有统计学意义。在剩余地上干物质方面也观察到差异，这些差异在每年的方向上是一致的，但仅在1984 - 1985年具有统计学意义。在两个生长季节（1982 - 1983年和1984 - 1985年），没有重大虫害侵扰，也没有长期水分胁迫或光化学臭氧事件。在剩余的实验（1983 - 1984年）中，类似的二氧化硫和二氧化氮空气浓度产生了与1982 - 1983年和1984 - 1985年观察到的相反的影响。在未过滤空气中，谷物产量显著降低（13%）。1983 - 1984年作物唯一主要的环境差异是1984年5月和6月有一段明显的干旱期，作物出现明显水分胁迫，需要灌溉。这些结果表明，产量与污染物浓度之间的关系可能会被其他胁迫因素混淆，其中许多胁迫因素是主要作物生长季节的常见组成部分。
