Kålås J A, Steinnes E, Lierhagen S
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Tungasletta 2, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway.
Environ Pollut. 2000 Jan;107(1):21-9. doi: 10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00155-4.
Concentrations of Pb in livers of willow grouse (Lagopus lagopus), black grouse (Tetrao tetrix), and hare (Lepus timidus) were determined in samples collected during the period 1990-92 from 77 locations distributed across Norway. Our objective was to elucidate the impact of long-range atmospheric transport on the Pb exposure of the animals. The moss Hylocomium splendens was measured for atmospheric Pb deposition and Pb in soil at 60-cm depth was determined to reflect the natural geochemical background at the study locations. Strong positive relationships were found between Pb in liver and atmospheric deposition of Pb for all species and age groups studied. Results indicate that long-range atmospheric transport was the main source of Pb in the animals studied. This conclusion was supported by Pb analysis of typical food plants for the animals. Correlation between Pb in liver and Pb in soil mineral matter was observed only when considering sites with very low impact of atmospheric deposition. Even though the observed liver Pb concentrations may seem low (< or =12 microg g(-1) dw) they approach levels where sub-lethal effects cannot be ignored.
1990 - 1992年期间，从挪威各地分布的77个地点采集了柳雷鸟（Lagopus lagopus）、黑琴鸡（Tetrao tetrix）和野兔（Lepus timidus）的肝脏样本，测定其中铅的含量。我们的目的是阐明远距离大气传输对动物铅暴露的影响。对苔藓（Hylocomium splendens）进行了大气铅沉降测量，并测定了60厘米深度土壤中的铅含量，以反映研究地点的自然地球化学背景。在所研究的所有物种和年龄组中，均发现肝脏中的铅与大气铅沉降之间存在强正相关关系。结果表明，远距离大气传输是所研究动物体内铅的主要来源。对动物典型食物植物的铅分析支持了这一结论。仅在考虑大气沉降影响非常小的地点时，才观察到肝脏中的铅与土壤矿物质中的铅之间存在相关性。尽管观察到的肝脏铅浓度可能看起来较低（≤12微克/克干重），但它们已接近不可忽视亚致死效应的水平。
