Filser J, Wittmann R, Lang A
Institute of Soil Ecology, GSF-National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Environ Pollut. 2000 Jan;107(1):71-8. doi: 10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00130-x.
Laboratory studies were carried out to cast light on differences in density responses among collembolan species to copper (Cu)-polluted environments. In a recolonisation experiment, mesofauna originating from a copper (Cupolluted arable field were allowed to colonise defaunated Cu-contaminated and uncontaminated soil cores for 3 months. The abundances of Pseudosinella alba and gamasid mites were higher in the uncontaminated soil, whereas the majority of other collembolans tended to be more abundant in the Cu-enriched soil. Behavioural experiments were conducted to test the ability of single Collembola species to distinguish between filter paper and food soaked in water, Cu, and calcium (Ca) solutions. Onychiurus armatus avoided both Cu and Ca, whereas Folsomia quadrioculata and Folsomia manolachei showed a significant preference for Cu. Isotomurus palustris was not able to distinguish between Cu and water. The results are compared and discussed with regard to other studies on the occurrence and behaviour of Collembola in Cu-contaminated environments. We suggest that microsite selection according to preference or avoidance of high salinity of pore water may partly explain the community structure of Collembola in Cu-polluted soils which are characterised by an increase of euedaphic species. More studies have to be carried out to generalise this concept and to explore to what extent reduced predation by gamasid mites contribute to the success of certain Collembola in Cu-contaminated sites.
开展了实验室研究，以阐明弹尾目物种对铜（Cu）污染环境的密度响应差异。在一项再定殖实验中，将源自铜污染耕地的中型土壤动物放入已清除动物的受铜污染和未受污染的土壤核心中，使其定殖3个月。在未受污染的土壤中，白色伪辛螨和革螨的丰度较高，而大多数其他弹尾目动物在富铜土壤中往往更为丰富。进行了行为实验，以测试单一弹尾目物种区分滤纸和浸泡在水、铜和钙（Ca）溶液中的食物的能力。武装奥氏跳虫避开了铜和钙，而四眼裸腹跳虫和曼氏裸腹跳虫对铜表现出明显的偏好。湿地等节跳虫无法区分铜和水。将这些结果与其他关于弹尾目在铜污染环境中的发生和行为的研究进行了比较和讨论。我们认为，根据对孔隙水高盐度的偏好或回避来选择微生境，可能部分解释了以真土栖物种增加为特征的铜污染土壤中弹尾目的群落结构。必须开展更多研究，以推广这一概念，并探索革螨捕食减少在多大程度上有助于某些弹尾目在铜污染场地的成功生存。
