咖啡因作为一种精神运动兴奋剂：作用机制。
Caffeine as a psychomotor stimulant: mechanism of action.
作者信息
Fisone G, Borgkvist A, Usiello A
机构信息
Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
出版信息
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2004 Apr;61(7-8):857-72. doi: 10.1007/s00018-003-3269-3.
The popularity of caffeine as a psychoactive drug is due to its stimulant properties, which depend on its ability to reduce adenosine transmission in the brain. Adenosine A(1) and A(2A) receptors are expressed in the basal ganglia, a group of structures involved in various aspects of motor control. Caffeine acts as an antagonist to both types of receptors. Increasing evidence indicates that the psychomotor stimulant effect of caffeine is generated by affecting a particular group of projection neurons located in the striatum, the main receiving area of the basal ganglia. These cells express high levels of adenosine A(2A) receptors, which are involved in various intracellular processes, including the expression of immediate early genes and regulation of the dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated 32-kDa phosphoprotein DARPP-32. The present review focuses on the effects of caffeine on striatal signal transduction and on their involvement in caffeine-mediated motor stimulation.
咖啡因作为一种精神活性药物广受欢迎，这归因于其刺激特性，而这又取决于它减少大脑中腺苷传递的能力。腺苷A(1)和A(2A)受体在基底神经节中表达，基底神经节是一组参与运动控制各个方面的结构。咖啡因对这两种类型的受体均起拮抗剂作用。越来越多的证据表明，咖啡因的精神运动刺激作用是通过影响位于纹状体（基底神经节的主要接收区域）的特定一组投射神经元产生的。这些细胞表达高水平的腺苷A(2A)受体，其参与各种细胞内过程，包括立即早期基因的表达以及多巴胺和环磷酸腺苷调节的32 kDa磷蛋白DARPP - 32的调节。本综述重点关注咖啡因对纹状体信号转导的影响以及它们在咖啡因介导的运动刺激中的作用。
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