Odom A, Gross W B, Ehrich M
Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061.
Vet Hum Toxicol. 1992 Apr;34(2):134-7.
The influence of socialization of chickens on response to exogenous substances in the presence and absence of stress was examined. Chickens of both sexes were habituated to human beings (socialized) by being talked to and offered food from the hand of the caretaker. After 19 w, half the socialized group and half the unsocialized group were subjected to stress (loud noises for 120 sec twice daily) for 2 w. At the end of this period, response to 37 mg pentobarbital/kg iv was evaluated by length of sleeping time. Males slept longer than females, and males that were socialized but not stressed slept significantly longer than other males. Stress and socialization did not significantly affect pentobarbital sleeping time in females. This indicated that response to pentobarbital was dependent on sex and on socialization, with the most notable effects occurring in socialized males. Socialized and nonsocialized, stressed and unstressed male and female chickens were also administered a single po dose of 360 mg tri-ortho-tolyl phosphate (TOTP)/kg. This organophosphorus ester induced a delayed neuropathy that caused ataxia in all the chickens. The ataxia was significantly more pronounced earlier in males than in females, although the sex difference became insignificant 18 d after dosing. Socialized chickens were ultimately more affected. Noise stress did not affect TOTP-induced ataxia. This indicated that response to an organophosphate neurotoxicant was also dependent on sex and socialization, with the most notable effects again seen in socialized males. Response to endogenous substances in chickens depends both on sex and on familiarity to humans.
研究了鸡的社会化对其在有应激和无应激情况下对外源物质反应的影响。通过与鸡交谈并由饲养员亲手喂食，使雌雄鸡都适应人类（社会化）。19周后，将社会化组的一半和非社会化组的一半鸡每天两次暴露于应激（120秒的大声噪音）中，持续2周。在此期间结束时，通过睡眠时间评估对静脉注射37毫克戊巴比妥/千克的反应。雄性睡眠时间比雌性长，且已社会化但未受应激的雄性睡眠时间显著长于其他雄性。应激和社会化对雌性戊巴比妥睡眠时间没有显著影响。这表明对戊巴比妥的反应取决于性别和社会化程度，最显著的影响发生在已社会化的雄性中。对已社会化和未社会化、受应激和未受应激的雌雄鸡还口服了单剂量360毫克磷酸三邻甲苯酯（TOTP）/千克。这种有机磷酸酯诱导了迟发性神经病变，导致所有鸡出现共济失调。雄性的共济失调在给药后早期比雌性明显更严重，尽管给药18天后性别差异变得不显著。已社会化的鸡最终受影响更大。噪音应激不影响TOTP诱导的共济失调。这表明对有机磷酸酯神经毒物的反应也取决于性别和社会化程度，最显著的影响同样出现在已社会化的雄性中。鸡对内源物质的反应既取决于性别，也取决于对人类的熟悉程度。
