Peterson Carole, Parsons Tina, Dean Myra
Psychology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada.
Memory. 2004 Jan;12(1):1-13. doi: 10.1080/09658210344000468.
The question addressed here is whether misleading suggestions made to children a year after target events had occurred will alter long-term recall. One group (3-13 years old when injured and treated in a hospital Emergency Room) were given both misleading and accurate reinstating information a year later, and recall of target events assessed both 1 week and another year later (i.e., 2 years post-injury). A control group had recall assessed both 1 and 2 years post-injury. Misleading had little effect on children's recall 1 week later, although a few misled details were reported. However, a year later virtually none of the misleading information was incorporated into long-term recall. Rather, children were more, not less, accurate when recalling details about which they had been misled. Results were attributed to target events having been highly memorable and well rehearsed via previous recalls, and detection of discrepancies between memory and misleading information focusing attention on targeted details.
这里探讨的问题是，在目标事件发生一年后向儿童提出的误导性暗示是否会改变长期记忆。一组儿童（受伤并在医院急诊室接受治疗时年龄在3至13岁）在一年后同时获得了误导性和准确的恢复性信息，并在1周后以及另一年后（即受伤后2年）对目标事件的记忆进行了评估。一个对照组在受伤后1年和2年都对记忆进行了评估。误导性信息在1周后对儿童的记忆影响不大，尽管有一些被误导的细节被报告了。然而，一年后，几乎没有任何误导性信息被纳入长期记忆。相反，当儿童回忆那些他们曾被误导的细节时，他们的记忆更加准确，而非不准确。研究结果归因于目标事件非常令人难忘，并且通过之前的回忆得到了充分的排练，以及对记忆和误导性信息之间差异的察觉将注意力集中在了目标细节上。
