Subramanian V, Jiang J C, Smith Patricia H, Rambabu B
Surface Sciences and Solid State Ionics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Southern University, A & M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2004 Jan-Feb;4(1-2):125-31. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2004.045.
Mesoporous tin oxides were successfully prepared with the use of non-ionic surfactants, Pluronic 123 (P-123) and Tetronic 908 (T-908). Surface analysis of SnO2 synthesized with P123 showed an average pore size of approximately 15 nm. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and low-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements also confirmed their mesoporous nature. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and wide-angle XRD studies revealed that these compounds have a casserite-type SnO2 structure. The electrochemical properties of these materials as anodes in lithium batteries showed excellent performance with good reversibility. The first-cycle reversible capacity was 1026 mAh/g for the material synthesized with P123. There was a high first-cycle irreversible capacity for SnO2 synthesized with the use of both non-ionic surfactants. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were employed to study the electrode kinetics during the lithium insertion process in the first cycle. There was a decrease in the charge-transfer resistance with respect to the discharge potential. The synthesis and structural and electrochemical properties of the mesoporous tin oxides are correlated and discussed in detail.
使用非离子表面活性剂Pluronic 123（P-123）和Tetronic 908（T-908）成功制备了介孔氧化锡。用P123合成的SnO₂的表面分析显示平均孔径约为15nm。高分辨率透射电子显微镜和低角度X射线衍射（XRD）测量也证实了它们的介孔性质。X射线光电子能谱和广角XRD研究表明，这些化合物具有黄锡矿型SnO₂结构。这些材料作为锂电池阳极的电化学性能表现出优异的性能和良好的可逆性。用P123合成的材料的首次循环可逆容量为1026 mAh/g。使用这两种非离子表面活性剂合成的SnO₂的首次循环不可逆容量都很高。采用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和循环伏安法（CV）研究了首次循环锂嵌入过程中的电极动力学。相对于放电电位，电荷转移电阻降低。详细关联并讨论了介孔氧化锡的合成、结构和电化学性质。
