Mori Shuji, Kataoka Akihito
Faculty of Science, Department of Kinesiology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
Percept Psychophys. 2004 Feb;66(2):303-27. doi: 10.3758/bf03194881.
In the present study, we investigated the effects of surrounding frames on visual search for line orientation. Every line item presented in the display was surrounded by a square frame of identical size and orientation. The orientations of the frames, as well as those of the target and distractor lines, were either vertical or tilted. In six experiments, the surrounding frames caused substantial changes in search efficiency for vertical targets and for tilted targets. The search asymmetry between the two types of targets was reversed when the frame was tilted at the same angle as the tilted line. Several variations of the frames (a pair of parallel lines, squares with gaps, and squares with circular contours inside) also changed search efficiency significantly. Taken together, these results imply that three different sources contribute to frame effects: distractor roles played by the frame components, orientation contrast from the frame contour, and interference in local orientation processing (Hayward & Burke, 2000). Implications of the present findings are discussed in reference to rod-and-frame effects (Witkin & Asch, 1948) and to the effects of a large frame surrounding an entire display of lines (Marendaz, 1998; Treisman, 1985).
在本研究中，我们调查了周围框架对线条方向视觉搜索的影响。显示器中呈现的每个线条项目都被一个大小和方向相同的方形框架包围。框架的方向以及目标线和干扰线的方向要么是垂直的，要么是倾斜的。在六个实验中，周围框架导致垂直目标和倾斜目标的搜索效率发生了显著变化。当框架以与倾斜线相同的角度倾斜时，两种类型目标之间的搜索不对称性发生了逆转。框架的几种变体（一对平行线、有间隙的正方形和内部有圆形轮廓的正方形）也显著改变了搜索效率。综上所述，这些结果表明，三种不同的来源导致了框架效应：框架组件所起的干扰作用、框架轮廓的方向对比度以及局部方向处理中的干扰（海沃德和伯克，2000年）。本研究结果的意义将参照杆框效应（威特金和阿施，1948年）以及围绕整个线条显示的大框架的效应（马伦达兹，1998年；特雷斯曼，1985年）进行讨论。
