Masip Jaume, Garrido Eugenio, Herrero Carmen
Department of Social Psychology and Anthropology, University of Salamanca, Facultad de Psicología, Spain.
Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr. 2003 Aug;129(3):269-311.
Researchers have found that facial appearance influences social judgments. For example, evidence has shown that facial babyishness and age affect perceivers' impressions of the stimulus person's veracity. In this experiment, the researchers examined whether these variables also influenced the credibility attributed to written statements purportedly made by these people in addition to several topics of interest in deception-detection research. Undergraduates (N = 270) were presented babyfaced or mature-faced photographs that depicted a child, an adult, or an older individual, in addition to a written truthful or deceptive statement purportedly made by the person in the photograph. Results showed that, as predicted, when the statements were accompanied by babyfaced pictures, participants tended to judge them as truthful, but only if the pictures did not depict children. Also, when the statements were accompanied by childen's pictures, participants tended to judge them as deceptive, but only if the pictures depicted a babyish face. Overall detection accuracy was close to chance and did not correlate with either judgmental confidence or with the respondents' estimated lie-detection accuracy. However, confidence and estimated ability were significantly correlated. Also, more confidence was placed in judgments of truthfulness than in judgments of deceptiveness. Respondents' truth bias and the existence of a veracity effect in the diverse experimental conditions were examined as well.
研究人员发现，面部外观会影响社会判断。例如，有证据表明，面部的孩子气和年龄会影响感知者对刺激对象诚实度的印象。在本实验中，研究人员除了检验欺骗检测研究中几个感兴趣的主题外，还研究了这些变量是否也会影响人们对这些人所做书面陈述的可信度。向270名本科生展示了娃娃脸或成熟脸的照片，照片中描绘的是儿童、成年人或老年人，同时还展示了一张据称是照片中的人所做的真实或欺骗性书面陈述。结果表明，正如预期的那样，当陈述配有娃娃脸照片时，参与者倾向于将其判断为真实的，但前提是照片中不是儿童。此外，当陈述配有儿童照片时，参与者倾向于将其判断为欺骗性的，但前提是照片描绘的是娃娃脸。总体检测准确率接近随机水平，与判断信心或受访者估计的测谎准确率均无关联。然而，信心和估计能力显著相关。此外，对真实性判断的信心高于对欺骗性判断的信心。研究人员还考察了受访者的真相偏差以及在不同实验条件下是否存在诚实度效应。
