Wolf Federica I
Institute of General Pathology and Giovanni XXIII Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Sci STKE. 2004 May 11;2004(233):pe23. doi: 10.1126/stke.2332004pe23.
A recent paper by Schmitz and colleagues provides persuasive evidence that the ion channel transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) may be the long-sought regulator of magnesium (Mg) homeostasis in mammalian cells. This finding is not unexpected, because TRPM channels contain a kinase domain that allows them to participate in signal transduction pathways and regulatory networks. However, these studies introduce an exciting new twist into our understanding of Mg homeostasis; TRPM7 facilitates Mg entry into the cell, whereas other putative Mg transporters apparently operate in the opposite direction. By combining electrophysiological, biochemical, and genetic approaches, Schmitz and colleagues characterized most of the key features that demonstrate a well-defined and biologically plausible regulator of Mg homeostasis. TRPM7 genetics are well in hand, its regulation by intracellular free Mg2+ unravels the mechanisms of regulatory feedback loops, and its kinase domain modulates its sensitivity to free Mg2+. These findings are discussed in light of the indirect and descriptive information we had about Mg regulation before this rigorous characterization of TRPM7 brought it to the center of the Mg stage. Although the molecular events downstream of TRPM7 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation await in-depth elucidation, these results open up exciting perspectives in Mg research and may provide a much-needed tool with which to reexamine the role of Mg in cell proliferation and other important pathophysiologic events. Likewise, these findings will offer guidelines for research on disease states that are characterized by Mg imbalance.
施密茨及其同事最近发表的一篇论文提供了有说服力的证据,表明离子通道瞬时受体电位褪黑素7(TRPM7)可能是哺乳动物细胞中人们长期寻找的镁(Mg)稳态调节因子。这一发现并不意外,因为TRPM通道含有一个激酶结构域,使其能够参与信号转导途径和调节网络。然而,这些研究为我们对镁稳态的理解引入了一个令人兴奋的新转折;TRPM7促进镁进入细胞,而其他假定的镁转运体显然作用方向相反。通过结合电生理学、生物化学和遗传学方法,施密茨及其同事确定了大多数关键特征,这些特征表明存在一个定义明确且生物学上合理的镁稳态调节因子。TRPM7的遗传学已得到充分研究,其受细胞内游离Mg2+的调节揭示了调节反馈回路的机制,其激酶结构域调节其对游离镁的敏感性。鉴于在TRPM7被严格鉴定并成为镁研究的核心之前,我们所掌握的关于镁调节的间接和描述性信息,对这些发现进行了讨论。尽管TRPM7磷酸化和去磷酸化下游的分子事件有待深入阐明,但这些结果为镁研究开辟了令人兴奋的前景,并可能提供一个急需的工具,用以重新审视镁在细胞增殖和其他重要病理生理事件中的作用。同样,这些发现将为以镁失衡为特征的疾病状态的研究提供指导。