Jess S, Bingham J F W
Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK.
Bull Entomol Res. 2004 Apr;94(2):159-67. doi: 10.1079/ber2003286.
In small-scale experiments, the predatory mites, Hypoaspis aculeifer (Canestrini) and H. miles Berlese, applied at 700 mites m(-2), and the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) applied at 3 x 10(-6) nematodes m(-2) controlled sciarids and phorids in mushroom compost and casing substrates. For both mite species, earliest application to the growing substrate following sciarid infestation reduced sciarid emergence. In contrast, later application of each biological control agent provided more effective control of phorid emergence. The behaviour of adult mites suggested that H. aculeifer were more positively geotactic than H. miles although both species could penetrate compost and casing substrates to a depth of 2-12 cm. A majority of S. feltiae nematodes resided at a depth of 2-4 cm in both substrate types. Independent application of H. aculeifer provided more comprehensive control of sciarids and phorids than the other biological agents studied, owing to its better dispersal within compost and casing, and ability to attack larvae of differing ages.
在小规模实验中，以700只螨/平方米的用量施用掠食螨针叶小植绥螨（Canestrini）和迈氏钝绥螨（Berlese），以及以3×10⁻⁶条线虫/平方米的用量施用昆虫病原线虫斯氏线虫（Filipjev），可控制蘑菇堆肥和覆土基质中的眼蕈蚊和蚤蝇。对于这两种螨类，在眼蕈蚊侵染后最早施用于生长基质可减少眼蕈蚊羽化。相比之下，每种生物防治剂较晚施用能更有效地控制蚤蝇羽化。成年螨的行为表明，针叶小植绥螨比迈氏钝绥螨具有更强的正向地心引力，尽管两种螨类都能穿透堆肥和覆土基质达2 - 12厘米深。在两种基质类型中，大多数斯氏线虫都栖息在2 - 4厘米深处。单独施用针叶小植绥螨比所研究的其他生物制剂能更全面地控制眼蕈蚊和蚤蝇，这归因于其在堆肥和覆土中的更好扩散以及攻击不同龄期幼虫的能力。
