Zahiri Nayer S, Federici Brian A, Mulla Mir S
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0134, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2004 May;41(3):423-9. doi: 10.1603/0022-2585-41.3.423.
In the laboratory, three microbial mosquito larvicidal products consisting of Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis de Barjac (Bti), Bacillus sphaericus (Neide) (Bsph) (strain 2362), and the University of California Riverside (UCR) recombinant (producing toxins of both Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis) were bioassayed against larvae of Culex quinequefasciatus Say (susceptible and resistant to Bsph 2362), and Aedes aegypti (L.). Bti proved highly effective against Cx. Quinequefasciatus susceptible and resistant strains, with LC50 values of 0.009 and 0.011 ppm and LC90 values of 0.057 and 0.026 ppm for Bsph-susceptible and -resistant strains, respectively. Bti was also highly active against Ae. eagypti with LC50 and LC90 values of 0.014 and 0.055 ppm, respectively. The UCR recombinant was equally active against both Bsph-susceptible and -resistant strains of Cx. Quinquefasciatus; LC50 values were 0.005 and 0.009 and LC90 values were 0.030 and 0.043 ppm, respectively. Bti and the UCR recombinant essentially showed similar activity against Bsph-susceptible and -resistant strains. UCR recombinant showed high toxicity against Ae. eagypti with LC50 and LC90 values of 0.023 and 0.064 ppm, respectively. Bsph was highly active against susceptible strain of Cx. quinequefasciatus with LC50 and LC9o values of 0.006 and 0.024 ppm, respectively. Bsph exhibited little toxicity against Ae. eagypti larvae and also no toxicity to Bsph resistance. In the field, we evaluated four experimental corn grit formulations of Bti (VBC 60021), Bsph (VBC 60022), UCR recombinants VBC 60023 (7.89%), and VBC 60024 (1.87%) in simulated field (microcosms) against Bsph-susceptible Culex mosquitoes. Bti and low-concentrate UCR recombinant showed similar initial activity as well as persistence. Both materials provided high-to-moderate level of control for 2-7 d posttreatment at low treatment rates. At low dosages, residual activity of Bti and UCR recombinant lasted for <7 d. Bsph and high-concentrate UCR recombinant (VBC 60023), however, were more effective against natural populations of Cullex and achieved longer control (7-21 d) than the other two materials.
在实验室中，对三种杀蚊幼虫的微生物产品进行了生物测定，这三种产品分别是苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种（Bti）、球形芽孢杆菌（Neide）（Bsph，菌株2362）以及加利福尼亚大学河滨分校（UCR）的重组体（产生球形芽孢杆菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种的毒素），测试对象为致倦库蚊Say（对Bsph 2362敏感和抗性）幼虫以及埃及伊蚊（L.）幼虫。结果表明，Bti对致倦库蚊敏感和抗性品系均具有高效性，对Bsph敏感和抗性品系的LC50值分别为0.009 ppm和0.011 ppm，LC90值分别为0.057 ppm和0.026 ppm。Bti对埃及伊蚊也具有高活性，LC50和LC90值分别为0.014 ppm和0.055 ppm。UCR重组体对致倦库蚊的Bsph敏感和抗性品系活性相当；LC50值分别为0.005 ppm和0.009 ppm，LC90值分别为0.030 ppm和0.043 ppm。Bti和UCR重组体对Bsph敏感和抗性品系的活性基本相似。UCR重组体对埃及伊蚊具有高毒性，LC50和LC90值分别为0.023 ppm和0.064 ppm。Bsph对致倦库蚊敏感品系具有高活性，LC50和LC90值分别为0.006 ppm和0.024 ppm。Bsph对埃及伊蚊幼虫几乎没有毒性，对Bsph抗性也无毒性。在野外，我们在模拟野外环境（微观世界）中，针对对Bsph敏感的库蚊，评估了Bti（VBC 60021）、Bsph（VBC 60022）、UCR重组体VBC 60023（7.89%）和VBC 60024（1.87%）的四种实验性玉米粗粉制剂。Bti和低浓度UCR重组体表现出相似的初始活性和持效性。两种材料在低处理率下，处理后2 - 7天能提供中到高水平的防治效果。在低剂量下，Bti和UCR重组体的残留活性持续时间小于7天。然而，Bsph和高浓度UCR重组体（VBC 60023）对库蚊自然种群更有效，且比其他两种材料能实现更长时间的防治效果（7 - 21天）。
Zotero 插件