Cui Yingxia, Huang Yufeng
Laboratory of Reproduction & Genetics, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Command, PLA, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China.
Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2004 May;10(5):323-6.
Gondadal differentiation is genetically determined in humans. Sex is determined when the bipotential embryologic tissues differentiate into testes or ovary. SRY, a gene located on the Y chromosome, triggers a complex genetic cascade leading to testicular differentiation. However, only a minority of 46, XY sex reversal patients can be explained by SRY mutations, suggesting that other genes influencing sex determination are to be discovered. Recent studies show that testis differentiation requires insulin receptor family function in mice. SRY normally requires two distinct NLS-dependent nuclear import pathways to reach sufficient levels in the nucleus for gonadal differentiation.
在人类中，性腺分化是由基因决定的。当具有双向分化潜能的胚胎组织分化为睾丸或卵巢时，性别就确定了。位于Y染色体上的SRY基因会引发一个复杂的基因级联反应，导致睾丸分化。然而，只有少数46, XY性反转患者可以用SRY突变来解释，这表明还有其他影响性别决定的基因有待发现。最近的研究表明，在小鼠中睾丸分化需要胰岛素受体家族发挥作用。SRY通常需要两条不同的依赖于核定位信号的核输入途径，才能在细胞核中达到足够的水平以实现性腺分化。
