Wu Bin, Girard Frederic, van Buuren Bernd, Schleucher Jürgen, Tessari Marco, Wijmenga Sybren
Department of Physical Chemistry/Biophysical Chemistry, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1 6225 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 Jun 15;32(10):3228-39. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkh645. Print 2004.
Three-way junctions (3H) are the simplest and most commonly occurring branched nucleic acids. They consist of three double helical arms (A to C), connected at the junction point, with or without a number of unpaired bases in one or more of the three different strands. Three-way junctions with two unpaired bases in one strand (3HS2) have a high tendency to adopt either of two alternative stacked conformations in which two of the three arms A, B and C are coaxially stacked, i.e. A/B-stacked or A/C-stacked. Empirical stacking rules, which successfully predict for DNA 3HS2 A/B-stacking preference from sequence, have been extended to A/C-stacked conformations. Three novel DNA 3HS2 sequences were designed to test the validity of these extended stacking rules and their conformational behavior was studied by solution NMR. All three show the predicted A/C-stacking preference even in the absence of multivalent cations. The stacking preference for both classes of DNA 3HS2 can thus be predicted from sequence. The high-resolution NMR solution structure for one of the stacked 3HS2 is also reported. It shows a well-defined local and global structure defined by an extensive set of classical NMR restraints and residual dipolar couplings. Analysis of its global conformation and that of other representatives of the 3H family, shows that the relative orientations of the stacked and non-stacked arms, are restricted to narrow regions of conformational space, which can be understood from geometric considerations. Together, these findings open up the possibility of full prediction of 3HS2 conformation (stacking and global fold) directly from sequence.
三叉接头(3H)是最简单且最常见的分支核酸。它们由三条双螺旋臂(A至C)组成,在接头处相连,三条不同链中的一条或多条上有或没有一些未配对碱基。在一条链中有两个未配对碱基的三叉接头(3HS2)很容易呈现两种交替堆积构象中的一种,其中三条臂A、B和C中的两条同轴堆积,即A/B堆积或A/C堆积。已成功根据序列预测DNA 3HS2 A/B堆积偏好的经验堆积规则,已扩展到A/C堆积构象。设计了三条新的DNA 3HS2序列来测试这些扩展堆积规则的有效性,并通过溶液核磁共振研究了它们的构象行为。即使在没有多价阳离子的情况下,所有三条序列都显示出预测的A/C堆积偏好。因此,可以根据序列预测两类DNA 3HS2的堆积偏好。还报道了其中一种堆积的3HS2的高分辨率核磁共振溶液结构。它显示出由大量经典核磁共振约束和剩余偶极耦合定义的明确的局部和整体结构。对其整体构象以及3H家族其他代表的构象分析表明,堆积和未堆积臂的相对取向被限制在构象空间的狭窄区域,这可以从几何考虑来理解。总之,这些发现开启了直接从序列完全预测3HS2构象(堆积和整体折叠)的可能性。