Rossner Alan, Warner Stephanie D, Vyskocil Adolf, Tardif Robert, Farant Jean-Pierre
Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
J Occup Environ Hyg. 2004 Mar;1(3):173-81. doi: 10.1080/15459620490424483.
Small evacuated canisters have become more common in industrial hygiene personal sampling in recent years. The smaller canisters necessitate a low flow rate to ensure a full-shift air sample can be collected. Evaluation of small evacuated canisters compared to sorbent sampling methods is essential to ensure that the canisters accurately monitor airborne contamination. This data, in a controlled environment, will provide practitioners with valuable reference information when considering air-sampling campaigns. Six 300-mL evacuated canisters were used to collect 6-hour breathing zone samples of styrene on volunteers in a large exposure chamber. The canisters were specially designed with a capillary flow controller developed at McGill University in the mid-1990s. Based on the geometry of the capillary the airflow into the canisters was controlled to a low flow rate, approximately 0.3 mL/min. This low sampling flow rate allowed for the use of small-volume canisters as personal samplers to collect styrene vapors. Charcoal tubes and diffusive badges were simultaneously used to collect side-by-side samples for comparison. In addition, an online gas chromatograph (GC) documented the concentration in the chamber throughout the duration of the exposure. The three methods did not disclose any significant statistical difference when compared to the online GC values and to each other. In addition, linear regression analysis between the charcoal tubes and the canisters resulted in a correlation (R(2) > 0.95). An evaluation of the bias and precision (overall uncertainty) of the capillary-canister method, charcoal tubes, and diffusive badges found them to be within criteria established by European Committee for Standardization 482. The results indicate that the capillary-canister sampling device can be an acceptable alternative to sorbent samplers as a personal sampler providing reliable results that are representative of exposures.
近年来，小型抽空罐在工业卫生个人采样中变得越来越普遍。较小的罐子需要低流速以确保能够采集到整个班次的空气样本。将小型抽空罐与吸附剂采样方法进行比较评估，对于确保罐子能够准确监测空气中的污染物至关重要。在受控环境下获得的数据，将为从业者在考虑空气采样活动时提供有价值的参考信息。使用六个300毫升的抽空罐，在一个大型暴露室内对志愿者进行了6小时的苯乙烯呼吸带样本采集。这些罐子是专门设计的，配备了20世纪90年代中期麦吉尔大学开发的毛细管流量控制器。根据毛细管的几何形状，进入罐子的气流被控制在低流速，约为0.3毫升/分钟。这种低采样流速使得可以使用小体积的罐子作为个人采样器来采集苯乙烯蒸气。同时使用炭管和扩散徽章并排采集样本进行比较。此外，一台在线气相色谱仪（GC）记录了暴露期间室内的浓度。与在线GC值以及彼此相比，这三种方法均未显示出任何显著的统计学差异。此外，炭管和罐子之间的线性回归分析得出了相关性（R²>0.95）。对毛细管 - 罐子方法、炭管和扩散徽章的偏差和精密度（总体不确定度）进行评估，发现它们均在欧洲标准化委员会482规定的标准范围内。结果表明，毛细管 - 罐子采样装置作为个人采样器可以是吸附剂采样器的可接受替代方案，能够提供代表暴露情况的可靠结果。
