Maklakov Alexei A, Lubin Yael
Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
Evolution. 2004 May;58(5):1135-40. doi: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb00447.x.
Female multiple mating (polyandry) is a widespread but costly behavior that remains poorly understood. Polyandry may arise when whatever benefits females accrue from multiple mating outweigh the costs, or males manipulate females against the females' best interests. In a polyandrous spider Stegodyphus lineatus females may mate with up to five males, but behave aggressively toward additional males after the first mating. Female aggressiveness may act to select for better quality males. Alternatively, females may try to avoid superfluous matings. To test these alternatives, we allocated females into single-mating (SM) and double-mating treatments. Double-mated females either accepted (DM) or rejected (RE) the second male. DM females laid more eggs, but did not produce more offspring than SM and RE females. Offspring of DM females were smaller at dispersal than offspring of SM and RE females. Also, nest failure was significantly more common in DM females. Paternal variables did not influence female reproductive success, whereas maternal body condition explained much of the variation. We show that polyandry is costly for females despite the production of larger clutches and suggest that multiple mating results from male manipulation of female remating behavior.
雌性多次交配（一妻多夫制）是一种广泛存在但代价高昂的行为，目前人们对此仍知之甚少。当雌性从多次交配中获得的任何益处超过成本，或者雄性违背雌性的最佳利益操纵雌性时，一妻多夫制就可能出现。在多配性蜘蛛细纹棘腹蛛中，雌性可能与多达五只雄性交配，但在首次交配后会对额外的雄性表现出攻击性。雌性的攻击性可能起到选择更优质雄性的作用。或者，雌性可能试图避免多余的交配。为了检验这些可能性，我们将雌性分为单配（SM）和双配处理组。双配雌性要么接受（DM）要么拒绝（RE）第二只雄性。DM雌性产卵更多，但与SM和RE雌性相比，并未产生更多后代。DM雌性的后代在扩散时比SM和RE雌性的后代体型更小。此外，DM雌性的巢穴失败明显更为常见。父本变量并未影响雌性的繁殖成功率，而母本身体状况解释了大部分变异情况。我们表明，尽管能产生更大的卵块，但一妻多夫制对雌性来说成本高昂，并认为多次交配是雄性操纵雌性再次交配行为的结果。
