Maguire Gerald A, Yu Benjamin P, Franklin David L, Riley Glyndon D
University of California, Department of Psychiatry, Route 88, 101 The City Drive South, Irvine Medical Centre, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2004 Jul;5(7):1565-71. doi: 10.1517/14656566.5.7.1565.
Stuttering is a speech disorder characterised by frequent prolongations, repetitions or blocks of spoken sounds and/or syllables. Stuttering is very common and is classified by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders -- Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) as an Axis I disorder. In spite of this, stuttering treatment is sporadically addressed by a practicing physician, especially in the US. Much has recently been learned of the neurophysiological basis of this disorder, which has provided insight into novel treatment strategies, thus helping to guide the practising clinician. Stuttering is likely to be associated, at least in part, to dopamine hyperactivity in the brain. Novel dopamine antagonists such as risperidone and olanzapine, have recently been shown to improve the symptoms of stuttering providing a strong foundation for physicians to more effectively treat this disorder.
口吃是一种言语障碍，其特征为频繁出现语音和/或音节的延长、重复或阻塞。口吃非常常见，被《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）归类为轴I障碍。尽管如此，执业医师对口吃治疗的关注却很少，尤其是在美国。最近人们对这种障碍的神经生理学基础有了很多了解，这为新的治疗策略提供了思路，从而有助于指导临床执业医师。口吃可能至少部分与大脑中多巴胺活动亢进有关。新型多巴胺拮抗剂如利培酮和奥氮平，最近已被证明可改善口吃症状，为医生更有效地治疗这种障碍提供了有力依据。
