Wallace S A
Department of Physical Education, University of California at Davis, CA, USA.
J Mot Behav. 1981 Sep;13(3):144-60. doi: 10.1080/00222895.1981.10735245.
Much remains to be learned about how agonist and antagonist muscles are controlled during the production of rapid, voluntary movements. In an effort to summarize a wide body of existing knowledge and stimulate future research on this subject, an impulse-timing theory is presented which attempts to predict the activity of reciprocal muscles based on certain characteristics of a movement. The basic tenet of the theory is that variables of movement time, movement distance and inertial load have fairly predictable effects on the underlying muscular activity of the agonist and antagonist muscles during the production of rapid and discrete, voluntary movements. The theory is derived from the kinematic work of Schmidt, Zelaznik, Hawkins, Frank and Quinn (1979) and supporting evidence from studies which have used electromyographic (EMG) recordings of agonist and antagonist muscles during rapid movements. Issues related to synergistic muscle control, central and peripheral control of reciprocal muscle activity, muscle control, and neurological disorder and the relationship between impulse-timing and mass-spring control are discussed in the final section.
在快速的自主运动产生过程中，关于主动肌和拮抗肌是如何被控制的，仍有许多有待了解之处。为了总结大量现有的知识并激发对该主题的未来研究，本文提出了一种冲动计时理论，该理论试图根据运动的某些特征来预测相互拮抗肌肉的活动。该理论的基本宗旨是，在快速、离散的自主运动产生过程中，运动时间、运动距离和惯性负荷等变量对主动肌和拮抗肌的潜在肌肉活动具有相当可预测的影响。该理论源自施密特、泽拉兹尼克、霍金斯、弗兰克和奎因（1979年）的运动学研究成果，以及在快速运动过程中使用主动肌和拮抗肌肌电图（EMG）记录的研究提供的支持证据。最后一部分讨论了与协同肌肉控制、相互拮抗肌肉活动的中枢和外周控制、肌肉控制以及神经疾病相关的问题，以及冲动计时与质量-弹簧控制之间的关系。
