Shelton J L, Matthews J O, Southern L L, Higbie A D, Bidner T D, Fernandez J M, Pontif J E
Department of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803-4210, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2004 Jun;82(6):1699-706. doi: 10.2527/2004.8261699x.
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of nonwaxy (amylose and amylopectin starch) or waxy (amylopectin starch) sorghum on growth, carcass traits, and glucose and insulin kinetics of pigs. In Exp. 1 (95-d), 60 crossbred barrows or gilts (initial and final BW of 24 and 104 kg) were allotted to three treatments with five replications of four pigs per replicate pen in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments for Exp. 1 were 1) corn-soybean meal (C-SBM) diet, 2) sorghum-SBM (red pericarp, non-waxy), and 3) sorghum-SBM (red pericarp, waxy). In Exp. 2, 28 crossbred barrows (initial and final BW of 24 and 64 kg) were allotted to two treatments with three replications of four or five pigs per replicate pen in a randomized complete block design. Growth data were collected for 49 d, and then 20 barrows were fitted with jugular catheters, and then a glucose tolerance test (500 mg glucose/kg BW), an insulin challenge test (0.1 IU of porcine insulin/kg BW), and a feeding challenge were conducted. The dietary treatments for Exp. 2 were 1) sorghum-SBM (white pericarp, nonwaxy) and 2) sorghum-SBM (white pericarp, waxy). In Exp. 1, ADG (P = 0.10) and ADFI (as-fed basis; P = 0.02) were increased (P = 0.10) and gain:feed was decreased (P = 0.04) in pigs fed the sorghum-SBM diets relative to those fed the C-SBM diet. These responses may have resulted from the lower energy content of sorghum relative to corn. Plasma NEFA concentration (collected after a 16-h fast on d 77) was decreased (P = 0.08) in pigs fed the waxy sorghum-SBM diet relative to those fed the nonwaxy sorghum-SBM diet. Kilograms of carcass fat was decreased (P = 0.07) in pigs fed the waxy sorghum-SBM diet relative to those fed the nonwaxy sorghum-SBM diet. In Exp. 2, there was no effect (P = 0.57 to 0.93) of sorghum starch type on growth performance by pigs. During the glucose tolerance and insulin challenge tests, there were no effects (P = 0.16 to 0.98) of diet on glucose or insulin kinetics. During the feeding challenge, glucose (P = 0.02) and plasma urea N (P = 0.06) area under the response curves from 0 to 90 min were decreased in pigs fed the waxy sorghum-SBM diet. Feeding waxy sorghum had minimal effects on growth and carcass traits relative to pigs fed corn or nonwaxy sorghum. Waxy sorghum vs. nonwaxy sorghum had no effect on glucose or insulin kinetics in pigs.
进行了两项试验，以确定非糯性（直链淀粉和支链淀粉）或糯性（支链淀粉）高粱对猪的生长、胴体性状以及葡萄糖和胰岛素动力学的影响。在试验1（95天）中，60头杂交公猪或母猪（初始体重和终末体重分别为24千克和104千克）被随机分配到三个处理组，每个重复栏中有4头猪，共5个重复，采用随机完全区组设计。试验1的日粮处理为：1）玉米-豆粕（C-SBM）日粮，2）高粱-豆粕（红皮，非糯性），3）高粱-豆粕（红皮，糯性）。在试验2中，28头杂交公猪（初始体重和终末体重分别为24千克和64千克）被随机分配到两个处理组，每个重复栏中有4或5头猪，共3个重复，采用随机完全区组设计。收集49天的生长数据，然后给20头公猪安装颈静脉导管，接着进行葡萄糖耐量试验（500毫克葡萄糖/千克体重）、胰岛素激发试验（0.1国际单位猪胰岛素/千克体重）和采食激发试验。试验2的日粮处理为：1）高粱-豆粕（白皮，非糯性），2）高粱-豆粕（白皮，糯性）。在试验1中，与饲喂C-SBM日粮的猪相比，饲喂高粱-豆粕日粮的猪平均日增重（ADG，P = 0.10）和平均日采食量（按饲喂基础计算；P = 0.02）有所增加（P = 0.10），而料重比降低（P = 0.04）。这些反应可能是由于高粱相对于玉米的能量含量较低。与饲喂非糯性高粱-豆粕日粮的猪相比，饲喂糯性高粱-豆粕日粮的猪血浆非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）浓度（在第77天禁食16小时后采集）降低（P = 0.08）。与饲喂非糯性高粱-豆粕日粮的猪相比，饲喂糯性高粱-豆粕日粮的猪胴体脂肪千克数降低（P = 0.07）。在试验2中，高粱淀粉类型对猪的生长性能没有影响（P = 0.57至0.93）。在葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素激发试验期间，日粮对葡萄糖或胰岛素动力学没有影响（P = 0.16至0.98）。在采食激发试验期间，饲喂糯性高粱-豆粕日粮的猪0至90分钟反应曲线下的葡萄糖（P = 0.02）和血浆尿素氮（P = 0.06）面积降低。与饲喂玉米或非糯性高粱的猪相比，饲喂糯性高粱对生长和胴体性状的影响最小。糯性高粱与非糯性高粱相比，对猪的葡萄糖或胰岛素动力学没有影响。
