Taylor A C, Cowan P E, Fricke B L, Geddes S, Hansen B D, Lam M, Cooper D W
Australian Centre for Biodiversity, Assessment, Policy and Management, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Genet Res. 2004 Apr;83(2):101-11. doi: 10.1017/s001667230400672x.
An understanding of genetic variation and structure of pest populations has the potential to improve the efficiency of measures to control them. Genetic analysis was undertaken at five microsatellite loci in four native Australian and 14 introduced New Zealand populations of the common brushtail possum Trichosurus vulpecula in order to document these parameters. Genetic variation in New Zealand populations, and phylogenetic relationships among Australian and New Zealand populations, were largely predicted by the recorded introduction history. Populations on the two main islands of New Zealand had only slightly lower genetic diversity than did Australian populations, except that allelic richness on the South Is. was significantly lower. Diversity was higher in North Is. than in South Is. populations (although not significantly so) and mainland New Zealand populations as a group were significantly more diverse than offshore islands that represented secondary population size bottlenecks. In phylogenetic analyses South Is. and offshore island populations grouped with Tasmania, while North Is. populations grouped either with mainland Australia or were intermediate between the two Australian sources. This scheme was supported by admixture coefficients showing that North and South Is./offshore island populations were largely mainland Australian and Tasmanian in origin, respectively. Population structure differed markedly between the North and South Islands: populations were typically more genetically differentiated on the former than the latter, which also showed significant isolation-by-distance. Substantial linkage disequilibrium in most sampled New Zealand but no Australian population between microsatellite loci Tv16 and Tv27 suggests they may be physically linked.
了解害虫种群的遗传变异和结构，有可能提高控制它们的措施的效率。对澳大利亚本土的4个普通袋貂种群以及新西兰引进的14个普通袋貂种群的5个微卫星位点进行了遗传分析，以记录这些参数。新西兰种群的遗传变异以及澳大利亚和新西兰种群之间的系统发育关系，在很大程度上可由记录的引入历史预测。新西兰两个主要岛屿上的种群，其遗传多样性仅略低于澳大利亚种群，但南岛的等位基因丰富度明显较低。北岛的多样性高于南岛种群（尽管差异不显著），并且新西兰大陆种群总体上比代表二次种群数量瓶颈的近海岛屿种群的多样性显著更高。在系统发育分析中，南岛和近海岛屿种群与塔斯马尼亚种群归为一组，而北岛种群要么与澳大利亚大陆种群归为一组，要么处于两个澳大利亚来源之间的中间位置。混合系数支持了这一分类方案，表明北岛和南岛/近海岛屿种群在很大程度上分别起源于澳大利亚大陆和塔斯马尼亚。北岛和南岛的种群结构存在显著差异：前者种群的遗传分化通常比后者更为明显，后者也表现出显著的距离隔离。在大多数采样的新西兰种群中，微卫星位点Tv16和Tv27之间存在显著的连锁不平衡，但在澳大利亚种群中不存在，这表明它们可能在物理上是连锁的。
