Dijkstra Katinka, Yaxley Richard H, Madden Carol J, Zwaan Rolf A
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Psychol Aging. 2004 Jun;19(2):352-6. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.19.2.352.
Older and younger participants read sentences about objects and were then shown a picture of an object that either matched or mismatched the implied shape of the object in the sentence. Participants' response times were recorded when they judged whether the object had been mentioned in the sentence. Responses were faster in the shape-matching condition for all participants, but the mismatch effect was stronger for older than for younger adults, even when the larger variability of the older group's response times was controlled for. These results suggest that older adults may construct stronger situation models than younger adults.
年长和年轻的参与者阅读关于物体的句子，然后会看到一张物体图片，该图片与句子中物体隐含的形状要么匹配要么不匹配。当参与者判断句子中是否提到过该物体时，会记录他们的反应时间。在形状匹配条件下，所有参与者的反应都更快，但即使控制了年长组反应时间较大的变异性，年长成年人的不匹配效应仍比年轻成年人更强。这些结果表明，年长成年人可能比年轻成年人构建更强的情境模型。
