Kolip P, Güse H-G
Universität Bremen-Fachbereich 11, Zentrum für Public Health, 28334 Bremen, Germany.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2004 Jun;37(3):231-9. doi: 10.1007/s00391-004-0188-3.
A special short-term care (KZP) in a nursing home is offered to patients who are not yet able to live independently after hospitalization. It was institutionalized in 1989. But its basic conditions changed in 1996 with the new Pflegeversicherungsgesetz (nursing insurance law): the maximal stay was limited to 4 weeks and cost were turned over to the new insurance system. The paper analyzes the part KZP plays in health care maintenance. It addresses the questions which kind of patients is referred to KZP and what factors influence discharge at home vs admission to end-term nursing homes.A total of 325 patient's records (female: 80.3%) from 5 KZP institutions in the city of Bremen were analyzed (nearly 50% of all clients, who were formerly hospitalized). Patient's mean age was 82.9 years. Hospitalization lasted three weeks with men staying 27.6 days and women staying 20.1 days. Nervous disorders (especially apoplexy) and cardiovascular diseases are very common. After the stay in KZP, 39.1% moved to nursing homes, 36.0% returned home. Predictors for nursing home admission are long-lasting hospitalization, predicted need of long-term care by physicians, and nervous disorders. The results show that short-term care is a useful concept in health care maintenance of patients with special diseases und complicates re-convalescence.
养老院为那些出院后仍无法独立生活的患者提供一种特殊的短期护理（KZP）。它于1989年制度化。但随着1996年新的《护理保险法》的出台，其基本条件发生了变化：最长停留时间限制为4周，费用转由新的保险系统承担。本文分析了KZP在医疗保健维持中所起的作用。它探讨了哪些类型的患者会被转至KZP，以及哪些因素会影响患者回家还是入住临终养老院。对不来梅市5家KZP机构的325份患者记录（女性占80.3%）进行了分析（几乎占所有曾住院患者的50%）。患者的平均年龄为82.9岁。住院时间为三周，男性住院27.6天，女性住院20.1天。神经紊乱（尤其是中风）和心血管疾病非常常见。在KZP停留后，39.1%的患者入住养老院，36.0%的患者回家。入住养老院的预测因素包括长期住院、医生预测的长期护理需求以及神经紊乱。结果表明短期护理对于患有特殊疾病患者的医疗保健维持以及使康复过程不再复杂是一个有用的概念。
