Satokawa Hirono, Yokoyama Hitoshi
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi. 2004 Jun;105(6):369-73.
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious complication in deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and the prevention of PE is a major target of treatment. Vena cava filters (VCF) can be inserted, and the temporary type and retrievable type of VCF have appeared in recent years in addition to permanent models. These have introduced new criteria for VCF insertion and changes in the algorithm for the treatment of PE. Among cases traditionally calling for permanent VCF, those requiring prevention of PE, especially in the early stage, are suitable for temporary VCF insertion. These include floating thrombi in the acute DVT phase, the perioperative period of thrombectomy or endovascular treatment for DVT, surgery for an abdominal mass compressing the vena cava or iliac veins, and secondary prophylaxis in the early stage of PE. High-risk patients such as parturient cases with DVT and those with multiple traumatic injuries should also be considered. However, there is little evidence concerning temporary VCF, and further investigations are necessary on insertion methods and indications.
肺栓塞（PE）是深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的一种严重并发症，预防PE是治疗的主要目标。可以插入腔静脉滤器（VCF），除了永久性型号外，近年来还出现了临时性和可回收型VCF。这些为VCF的插入引入了新的标准，并改变了PE的治疗算法。在传统上需要永久性VCF的病例中，那些需要预防PE的病例，尤其是在早期阶段，适合插入临时性VCF。这些情况包括急性DVT阶段的漂浮血栓、DVT血栓切除术或血管内治疗的围手术期、因腹部肿块压迫腔静脉或髂静脉而进行的手术，以及PE早期的二级预防。高危患者，如患有DVT的产妇和多处创伤的患者也应予以考虑。然而，关于临时性VCF的证据很少，有必要对插入方法和适应证进行进一步研究。
