Scully C, de Almeida O P
Centre for the Study of Oral Disease, University of Bristol, England.
J Oral Pathol Med. 1992 Aug;21(7):289-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb01013.x.
Aspergillosis, cryptococcosis and zygomycosis (mucormycosis) are overall the most common systemic mycoses but histoplasmosis is particularly endemic in parts of central USA and other areas worldwide. Orofacial lesions caused by systemic mycoses have rarely been reported in the past though they have been recorded particularly in outdoor workers from geographic areas with a high prevalence of infection and occasionally in immunocompromised individuals. Increasing world-wide travel, and the dramatic increase in numbers of immunocompromised persons, especially those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, have been responsible for an increase in reports and other studies of orofacial disease in systemic mycoses and new opportunists are now being recognized. Those in Oral Medicine and Pathology must now be aware of the possibility of a systemic mycosis as the cause of chronic oral ulceration, chronic maxillary sinus infection, or bizarre mouth lesions, especially in patients with HIV disease, lymphoproliferative disorders, or diabetes mellitus, or in those who have been in endemic areas. Diagnosis and management should be undertaken in consultation with a physician with appropriate expertise, as pulmonary and other systemic infection may well be present. This paper reviews the eight main systemic mycoses.
曲霉病、隐球菌病和接合菌病（毛霉病）总体上是最常见的系统性真菌病，但组织胞浆菌病在美国中部部分地区及世界其他地区尤为地方性流行。过去，由系统性真菌病引起的口腔颌面部病变鲜有报道，不过已有记录，特别是在感染高发地区的户外工作者中，偶尔也见于免疫功能低下者。全球旅行的增加以及免疫功能低下者数量的急剧增加，尤其是感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）疾病的患者，导致系统性真菌病口腔颌面部疾病的报告及其他研究增多，新的机会性感染病原体也不断被发现。口腔医学和病理学领域的人员现在必须意识到系统性真菌病可能是慢性口腔溃疡、慢性上颌窦感染或奇特口腔病变的病因，特别是在患有HIV疾病、淋巴增生性疾病或糖尿病的患者中，或曾在地方性流行地区的人群中。诊断和管理应在咨询有适当专业知识的医生后进行，因为可能同时存在肺部及其他系统性感染。本文综述了八种主要的系统性真菌病。
