Fan Qinguo, Hoskote Sunil, Hou Yuejun
Department of Textile Sciences, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA.
J Hazard Mater. 2004 Aug 9;112(1-2):123-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.04.010.
The batch dyeing of fiber materials such as staple fibers and flock is usually carried out by exhaustion methods. However, the dyeing of flock fibers, either nylon, PET or acetate, with acid or disperse dyes is not 100% efficient in terms of dye utilization. Therefore, the remaining dyes in the spent dye bath are generally not reused, and are usually discharged with minimum treatment, together with the dyeing chemicals into the sewage wastewater system causing environmental pollution. We found that the colorants and chemical auxiliaries in the fiber dyeing effluents can be reduced by: (1) optimizing the acid dyeing conditions such as salt addition and pH control; (2) reuse of the spent dye bath that remain after the original dyeing process. In the lab scale trials, we have successfully raised the acid dye exhaustion to over 90% by optimizing the dyeing conditions. The reuse of the spent acid dye bath also showed promising results with dye exhaustion ranging from 91 to 93% after four times of reuse.
短纤维和绒屑等纤维材料的间歇染色通常采用竭染法进行。然而，用酸性或分散染料对尼龙、聚酯或醋酸纤维等绒屑纤维进行染色时，染料利用率并非100%。因此，废染浴中剩余的染料一般不再使用，通常经过最少处理后与染色化学品一起排放到污水废水系统中，造成环境污染。我们发现，可通过以下方式减少纤维染色废水中的着色剂和化学助剂：（1）优化酸性染色条件，如加盐和控制pH值；（2）重复使用原始染色过程后剩余的废染浴。在实验室规模的试验中，我们通过优化染色条件成功将酸性染料的竭染率提高到了90%以上。重复使用废酸性染浴也显示出了良好的效果，重复使用四次后的染料竭染率在91%至93%之间。
