McGee Beth L, Fisher Daniel J, Wright David A, Yonkos Lance T, Ziegler Gregory P, Turley Steven D, Farrar J Daniel, Moore David W, Bridges Todd S
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, Maryland 21401, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2004 Jul;23(7):1751-61. doi: 10.1897/03-326.
A 28-d partial life-cycle test with the estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus was developed in response to the need for an assay to mimic chronic exposure to sediment-associated contaminants. To ensure that toxicity tests have environmental relevance, it is essential to evaluate the relationship between laboratory responses and field measures of contamination. Consequently, one objective of the study was to compare the results of the chronic sediment toxicity test with L. plumulosus to gradients of sediment contamination and the in situ benthic community in its native Chesapeake Bay. Chronic tests were conducted by two laboratories, the Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station ([WES]; Vicksburg, MS, USA) and the University of Maryland ([UM] College Park, MD, USA) using different feeding regimes, providing the opportunity to evaluate the effect of this variable on response sensitivity. A second objective was to compare the relative sensitivity of acute and chronic tests with L. plumulosus with field-collected sediments. Overall, there was good agreement between the toxicological response of acute and chronic tests with L. plumulosus and field measures of contamination. Survival in the acute test and chronic test conducted by WES was negatively correlated with concentrations of sediment-associated contaminants. Survival in acute exposures was significantly reduced in sediments from 8 of 11 stations. Indigenous L. plumulosus were found only at two of the three stations that did not exhibit acute toxicity. An unexpected finding was the difference in responsiveness of the two chronic tests. Survival in tests conducted by UM and WES was significantly reduced in sediments from 4 and 6 of 11 stations, respectively. No additional sublethal toxicity was detected in the UM chronic test, but the WES test detected reproductive effects at two additional stations. We believe the observed differences were related to the test diet used. Partly as a result of our findings, the recommended diet for the L. plumulosus chronic test was changed in the final methods document.
为满足模拟长期接触沉积物相关污染物的检测需求，开展了一项为期28天的河口双足类动物羽毛钩虾（Leptocheirus plumulosus）部分生命周期试验。为确保毒性试验具有环境相关性，评估实验室反应与现场污染测量之间的关系至关重要。因此，该研究的一个目标是比较羽毛钩虾慢性沉积物毒性试验结果与切萨皮克湾原生地沉积物污染梯度及原位底栖生物群落的情况。慢性试验由两个实验室进行，分别是美国陆军工程兵团水道实验站（[WES]；美国密西西比州维克斯堡）和美国马里兰大学（[UM]；美国马里兰州大学公园），采用了不同的投喂方式，从而有机会评估这一变量对反应敏感性的影响。第二个目标是比较羽毛钩虾急性和慢性试验与现场采集沉积物的相对敏感性。总体而言，羽毛钩虾急性和慢性试验的毒理学反应与现场污染测量结果之间具有良好的一致性。WES进行的急性试验和慢性试验中的存活率与沉积物相关污染物浓度呈负相关。在11个站点中的8个站点的沉积物中，急性暴露下的存活率显著降低。在未表现出急性毒性的三个站点中，仅在两个站点发现了本地羽毛钩虾。一个意外发现是两个慢性试验的反应性存在差异。UM和WES进行的试验中，11个站点的沉积物中，分别有4个和6个站点的存活率显著降低。在UM慢性试验中未检测到额外的亚致死毒性，但WES试验在另外两个站点检测到了生殖效应。我们认为观察到的差异与使用的试验饲料有关。部分由于我们的研究结果，在最终方法文件中改变了羽毛钩虾慢性试验的推荐饲料。
