Shiota K
Cellular Biochemistry, Animal Resource Sciences, Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Cytogenet Genome Res. 2004;105(2-4):325-34. doi: 10.1159/000078205.
DNA methylation has been implicated in mammalian development. Transcription units contain CpG islands, but expression of CpG island associated genes in normal tissues was not believed to be controlled by DNA methylation. There are, however, numerous CpG islands containing tissue-dependent and differentially methylated regions (T-DMR), which are potential methylation sites in normal cells and tissues. Genomic scanning which focused on T-DMRs in CpG islands revealed that the DNA methylation profile of each cell/tissue is more complicated than previously considered. Differentiation of cells is associated with both methylation and demethylation, which occur at multiple loci. The epigenetic system characterized by DNA methylation requires cells to memorize gene expression patterns, thus, standardizing cellular phenotypes.
DNA甲基化与哺乳动物发育有关。转录单元包含CpG岛，但正常组织中与CpG岛相关基因的表达被认为不受DNA甲基化控制。然而，存在许多含有组织依赖性和差异甲基化区域（T-DMR）的CpG岛，它们是正常细胞和组织中的潜在甲基化位点。聚焦于CpG岛中T-DMR的基因组扫描显示，每个细胞/组织的DNA甲基化图谱比之前认为的更为复杂。细胞分化与多个位点发生的甲基化和去甲基化均有关。以DNA甲基化为特征的表观遗传系统要求细胞记住基因表达模式，从而使细胞表型标准化。
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