Rumack Barry H
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Greenwood Village, CO 80121, USA.
Hepatology. 2004 Jul;40(1):10-5. doi: 10.1002/hep.20300.
Examination of the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen can decrease misconceptions involved in clinical evaluation. Enzyme patterns and acetaminophen levels must be related to time and known metabolic phenomena. A careful look at ethanol and nutrition, especially fasting demonstrates that therapeutic doses of acetaminophen do not place patients at a greater risk in either of these instances. An overdose of acetaminophen in a chronic alcohol abuser may result in more severe hepatotoxicity than in the nonalcoholic. CYP2E1 and glutathione must be evaluated simultaneously rather than in isolation. Glucuronidation capacity in humans is not a factor except in massively overdosed patients.
对乙酰氨基酚的药代动力学研究有助于减少临床评估中的误解。酶模式和对乙酰氨基酚水平必须与时间及已知的代谢现象相关联。仔细研究乙醇和营养状况,尤其是禁食情况,会发现治疗剂量的对乙酰氨基酚在这两种情况下都不会使患者面临更大风险。慢性酗酒者过量服用对乙酰氨基酚可能比非酗酒者导致更严重的肝毒性。必须同时评估CYP2E1和谷胱甘肽,而不是单独评估。除了大量服药过量的患者外,人体的葡萄糖醛酸化能力并非一个影响因素。