Increased surfactant protein A content in human alveolar macrophages in hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Surfactant protein A (SP-A) appears to have an important function in the assembly and maintenance of the alveolar surfactant monolayer. SP-A has also been implicated in modulating the activity of immunoactive cells, such as increasing the bactericidal capacity of alveolar macrophages. In this immunocytochemical study the SP-A content of alveolar macrophages from seven patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis was compared with the results obtained from six healthy controls. A polyclonal rabbit antibody against human SP-A was used for detection of SP-A in the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages, applying the immunoperoxidase adhesive slide assay. In hypersensitivity pneumonitis a significant increase in the percentage of SP-A+ alveolar macrophages was observed as compared with the percentage in healthy controls. The intensity of the staining reaction was also increased in the alveolar macrophages of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. We conclude that the observed abnormalities in SP-A content in alveolar macrophages may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.