Madaan Arvind, Li James T-C
Division of Allergic Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2004 Aug;24(3):463-76, vi-vii. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2004.03.009.
Allergic reactions to cephalosporins may occur because of sensitization to cephalosporin determinants shared with penicillin or to unique cephalosporin haptens. The exact nature of the haptenic determinants resulting from the degradation of currently available cephalosporins is incompletely understood. Cephalosporin skin testing or specific IgE immunoassays have limited clinical utility. Patients with a history of allergy to cephalosporins or penicillin may be at increased risk for a reaction to cephalosporins. Skin testing for an allergy to penicillin may be helpful in patients with a history of penicillin allergy who have a clinical indication for cephalosporin use. Most of these patients have negative tests and should not be at increased risk for a reaction to cephalosporins.
对头孢菌素的过敏反应可能是由于对与青霉素共有的头孢菌素决定簇致敏,或对独特的头孢菌素半抗原致敏所致。目前可用的头孢菌素降解产生的半抗原决定簇的确切性质尚未完全明确。头孢菌素皮肤试验或特异性IgE免疫测定的临床效用有限。有头孢菌素或青霉素过敏史的患者对头孢菌素发生反应的风险可能会增加。对于有青霉素过敏史且有使用头孢菌素临床指征的患者,青霉素过敏皮肤试验可能会有帮助。这些患者中的大多数试验结果为阴性,对头孢菌素发生反应的风险不应增加。