Cabanyes-Truffino J, García-Villamisar D
Departamento de Neurología, Clinica Salvia, Madrid, Spain.
Rev Neurol. 2004;39(1):81-90.
To review the empirical evidence and recommendations for early identification and diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD).
ASD often remains unrecognized and undiagnosed until late preschool age. A significant delay of almost 3 years was reported between parents' initial concerns about their child and the age of diagnosis. Some research provides further evidence that signs of ASD are evident in the first 2 years of life. The importance of early diagnosis is that it opens the door to early intervention programs which are essentials for the future of these children. Early diagnosis can be facilitated most effectively if early detection is made possible. Progress has recently been made in the earlier identification of children with ASD. Recent researches have identified early behavioural difficulties in social reciprocity, joint attention, theory of mind, gaze engagement, social referencing and hypersensitivity to sound. Professionals need to be aware and sensitive to these behavioural patterns. Their identification would increase the likelihood of a reliable early diagnosis.
At present, it is possible to make earlier diagnosis of ASD. It is important that health and education professionals in childhood know several early manifestations of ASD.
回顾关于自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）早期识别与诊断的实证证据及建议。
ASD往往直到学龄前晚期仍未被识别和诊断。据报道，从家长最初对孩子的担忧到诊断年龄之间存在近3年的显著延迟。一些研究进一步证明，ASD的迹象在生命的头两年就很明显。早期诊断的重要性在于它为早期干预项目打开了大门，而早期干预项目对这些孩子的未来至关重要。如果能够实现早期检测，就能最有效地促进早期诊断。最近在ASD儿童的早期识别方面取得了进展。最近的研究已经确定了在社会互动、共同注意、心理理论、目光接触、社会参照和对声音的超敏反应等方面的早期行为困难。专业人员需要意识到并对这些行为模式保持敏感。对它们的识别将增加可靠早期诊断的可能性。
目前，有可能更早地诊断ASD。儿童时期的健康和教育专业人员了解ASD的几种早期表现很重要。
