Mukherjee A, Chatterjee S K, Chakravarty A
Department of Neurology, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Science, Kolkata.
J Assoc Physicians India. 2003 Nov;51:1095-101.
Dizziness is a term which is used to describe a variety of sensations. It is possible to group these complaints into four types: a rotational sensation (Type I dizziness), impending faint (Type II dizziness), dysequilibrium (Type III dizziness) and vague lightheadness (Type IV dizziness). Type I dizziness or vertigo is due to disease of the vestibular system--peripheral or central, and is characterized by a feeling of movement relative to one's surrounding. The majority of dizzy patients, however, belong to Types II, III and IV, collectively called the non-vestibular system disorders. The distinction is usually possible by a detailed history and clinical examination, but some special bedside tests--the dizziness simulation battery--are often required for properly distinguishing the various types of dizziness. Important causes of vertigo and the non-vestibular system disorders have been discussed with focus on benign positional vertigo, acute peripheral vestibulopathy, Menieres' disease, toxic damage to labyrinths, perilymph fistula, cerebrovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebellopontine angle tumors, basilar migraine, vestibular epilepsy, cervical vertigo and phobic postural vertigo.
头晕是一个用于描述多种感觉的术语。可以将这些主诉分为四种类型：旋转感（I型头晕）、濒死感（II型头晕）、平衡失调（III型头晕）和模糊的头晕感（IV型头晕）。I型头晕或眩晕是由前庭系统疾病（外周性或中枢性）引起的，其特征是相对于周围环境有运动感。然而，大多数头晕患者属于II型、III型和IV型，统称为非前庭系统疾病。通常通过详细的病史和临床检查可以区分，但有时需要一些特殊的床边检查——头晕模拟成套检查——来正确区分各种类型的头晕。本文重点讨论了眩晕和非前庭系统疾病的重要病因，包括良性阵发性位置性眩晕、急性外周前庭病、梅尼埃病、迷路毒性损伤、外淋巴瘘、脑血管疾病、多发性硬化症、桥小脑角肿瘤、基底型偏头痛、前庭癫痫、颈性眩晕和恐惧性姿势性眩晕。
