Bourke Karyn, Patel Milan R, Prisant L Michael, Marcus Dennis M
Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2004 Aug;6(8):471-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-6175.2004.3749.x.
Untreated systemic hypertension is associated with retinopathy, optic neuropathy, and choroidopathy. Hypertensive choroidopathy is less common than retinal hemorrhages and infarcts seen with accelerated hypertension. The manifestations of choroidopathy include serous retinal detachment, Elschnig spots, and Siegrist streaks. Elschnig spots are yellow demarcated lesions in the perimacular region that leak fluorescein after occlusion of the choriocapillaris. When the Elschnig spot heals, a pigment spot is left surrounded by a depigmented pale halo. Siegrist streaks are linear hyperpigment‐ed streaks over choroidal arteries. Hypertensive choroidopathy has been reported in toxemia of pregnancy, renal disease, pheochromocytoma, and malignant hypertension.
未经治疗的系统性高血压与视网膜病变、视神经病变和脉络膜病变相关。高血压性脉络膜病变不如急进性高血压时所见的视网膜出血和梗死常见。脉络膜病变的表现包括浆液性视网膜脱离、Elschnig斑和Siegrist条纹。Elschnig斑是黄斑周围区域的黄色分界性病变,在脉络膜毛细血管阻塞后会渗漏荧光素。当Elschnig斑愈合时,会留下一个色素斑,周围环绕着一个色素脱失的淡光环。Siegrist条纹是脉络膜动脉上的线性色素沉着条纹。妊娠中毒症、肾病、嗜铬细胞瘤和恶性高血压中均有高血压性脉络膜病变的报道。