Evaluating the treatment options for spontaneous pneumothorax.

Pneumothorax is the presence of air within the pleural space. The objective of any treatment of pneumothorax, if required, is to remove the air, allowing re-expansion of the lung, to facilitate pleural healing and prevent recurrence. Two clinical trials conducted in the 1960s led to opposing recommendations for the initial management of spontaneous pneumothorax, and a debate has continued since. This literature review examines the evidence for which treatment is more successful at reinflating the lung, reducing hospital stay, and preventing recurrence.