Park Nam-Hee, Kim Jung-Soon, Lee Yun-Mi
Department of Nursing Research Institute of Nursing Science, Busan National University, Korea.
Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 2003 Dec;33(8):1101-10. doi: 10.4040/jkan.2003.33.8.1101.
The purpose of this study was to identify the stage of change of smoking cessation behavior and investigate factors associated with the stage of smoking cessation behavior according to the transtheoretical model.
The participants, 297 smokers & quitters were selected by a stratified random sampling from 127 high school sophomore students in B city. Data were collected from April 6th to 16th, in 2002 using the structured self-report questionnaire.
The subjects were distributed in each stage of change of smoking cessation behavior: there were 46 subjects (15.5%) in precontemplation, 73 subjects (24.6%) in contemplation, 67 subjects(22.3%) in preparation, 56 subjects (18.5%) in action, 55 subjects (18.5%) in maintenance. Compared to the precontemplation and contemplation, people in preparation tended to smoke daily more and smoked for a shorter time, and as precontemplation progressed to the maintenance, past 1 year smoking cessation frequency increased and friends smoking decreased. Smoking onset age was the earliest in preparation, and the latest in maintenance. Helping relationships and self relationships are used a lot in precontemplation and also in contemplation. In preparation, self liberation and helping relationships are used a lot, in action, self liberation and helping relationships, and in maintenance, self liberation and environmental reevaluation. At each stage, the score of negative affect situation was the highest, but the one of negative affect situation, positive social situation, habitual strength, weight control decreased as precontemplation progressed to the maintenance. While the score of social pros and coping pros decreased with increasing stage, the one of cons tended to increase. Through stepwise discriminant analysis, it was found that social pros, smoking onset age, delf-libration were the most influencing powers among factors associated with the stages of smoking cessation behavior.
This study suggested that, in developing an effective smoking cessation intervention for adolescents, all the stage of a client's cessation had to be assessed prior to applying intervention programs. In addition, the results of this study will become a pillar of smoking cessation program planning and application.
本研究旨在确定戒烟行为的改变阶段，并根据跨理论模型调查与戒烟行为阶段相关的因素。
采用分层随机抽样法从B市127名高二学生中选取297名吸烟者和戒烟者作为研究对象。于2002年4月6日至16日使用结构化自填问卷收集数据。
研究对象分布于戒烟行为改变的各个阶段：前意向阶段有46名受试者（15.5%），意向阶段有73名受试者（24.6%），准备阶段有67名受试者（22.3%），行动阶段有56名受试者（18.5%），维持阶段有55名受试者（18.5%）。与前意向阶段和意向阶段相比，准备阶段的人每日吸烟量更多但吸烟时间更短，从前意向阶段发展到维持阶段，过去1年的戒烟频率增加且朋友吸烟情况减少。吸烟开始年龄在准备阶段最早，在维持阶段最晚。在前意向阶段和意向阶段较多使用帮助关系和自我关系。在准备阶段，较多使用自我解放和帮助关系；在行动阶段，使用自我解放和帮助关系；在维持阶段，使用自我解放和环境再评价。在每个阶段，消极情绪状况得分最高，但从前意向阶段发展到维持阶段，消极情绪状况、积极社会状况、习惯强度、体重控制得分降低。虽然社会支持和应对支持得分随阶段增加而降低，但不利因素得分则趋于增加。通过逐步判别分析发现，社会支持、吸烟开始年龄、自我解放是与戒烟行为阶段相关因素中影响最大的因素。
本研究表明，在为青少年制定有效的戒烟干预措施时，在应用干预项目之前必须评估服务对象戒烟的所有阶段。此外，本研究结果将成为戒烟项目规划和应用的支柱。
