Choudhary Pratik
Northern General Hospital, Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2004 Sep;65 Suppl 1:S9-S15. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2004.07.003.
Previous nutritional guidelines for people with diabetes focused on carbohydrate-based meal planning. Updated guidelines from Europe and North America reflect a more flexible approach to nutritional intervention. New aspects of these most recent recommendations include: (1) increased emphasis on the role of trained dietitians for educating people with diabetes; (2) greater individualization of dietary choices based on cultural, regional and personal preferences; (3) more flexibility for choosing between carbohydrate and monounsaturated fat consumption, but with limitations on intake of polyunsaturated fats (<10% of total energy); (4) broadened allowance of sucrose in the diet (up to 10% of total energy); and (5) greater recognition of physical activity as an important means to control weight and enhance general health. Expert guidelines vary regarding preferential intake of carbohydrates with lower glycemic indices.
以往针对糖尿病患者的营养指南侧重于基于碳水化合物的饮食计划。欧洲和北美的最新指南反映出营养干预采取了更为灵活的方法。这些最新建议的新内容包括：（1）更加强调训练有素的营养师在糖尿病患者教育方面的作用；（2）根据文化、地域和个人偏好，使饮食选择更具个性化；（3）在碳水化合物和单不饱和脂肪摄入之间有更大的选择灵活性，但多不饱和脂肪的摄入量有限制（占总能量的<10%）；（4）饮食中蔗糖的允许摄入量有所扩大（高达总能量的10%）；以及（5）更深刻地认识到体育活动是控制体重和增进总体健康的重要手段。关于优先摄入血糖生成指数较低的碳水化合物，专家指南存在差异。
